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english

law

Political system of Russian Federation

Предмет:
1. The executive branch
2. The legislative branch
3. The judicial branch
4. The Supreme Court
5. The Constitutional Court
6. The Arbitrary Court
7. Regional courts
8. The Government
9. The Prime Minister
10.Cabinet of Ministers
11.is appointed by
12.is represented by
13.to form the Government
14.The Presidential Republic
15.The head of the State
«Иностранный язык»
16.The Chairman (the Speaker)
17.The Russian Federation
18.Russia
19.The President
20.The Constitution
21.was set up in
22.was adopted in
23.consist(s) of
24.The Federal Assembly
25.The Federation Council
26.The State Duma
27.The Lower Chamber
28.The Upper Chamber
29.Is elected by
30.Is approved by
31.Is headed by
32.Law
33.Bill
34.is signed by
35.veto the bill
36.the state banner (flag)
37.three-coloured
38. horizontal stripes
39.The hymn
40.Coat of arms
41.Two-headed eagle
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3.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
1) When was the Russian Federation set up?
2) What kind of state is it?
3) Who is the head of the state?
4) What does the federal government consist of?
5) What body is the legislative power represented by?
6) How many chambers does it consist of?
7) What is the State Duma?
8) What is the Federation Council ?
9) Who heads each chamber?
10) How does a bill become a law?
11) What body is the executive power represented by?
12) Who is the head of the Government
13) What is the judicial power represented by?
14) Describe Russian state banner?
15) The hymn of Russia?
16) The coat of arms of the Russian. Federation?
17) The President’s Duties
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4.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The Russian Federative Republic was set up (in 1991) by the
the Constitution of 1993.
Under the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic.
The federal government consists of three branches: the legislative,
the executive and the judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by
the President.
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5.

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5

6.

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7.

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THE LEGISLATIVE POWER
THE LEGISLATIVE POWER is represented by the
Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers.
The Upper Chamber is the Federation Council.
The Lower Chamber is the State Duma.
Each Chamber is headed by the Chairman (the Speaker).
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9.

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10.

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THE LEGISLATIVE POWER
Legislature is initiated in the Lower Chamber. But to
become a law a bill must be approved by the Lower and
Upper Chambers and signed by the President. The President
may veto the bill. The State Duma may override the veto.
The members of the State Duma are elected by popular
vote for a five-year period. The Council of Federation is not
elected. It is formed of the heads of the regions.
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11.

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12.

Предмет:
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THE EXECUTIVE POWER belongs to the Government which is headed
by the Prime Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is
to form the Government.
Mikhail Mishustin
the Government
12

13.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme
Court, the Arbitrary Court and regional courts.
13

14.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Today the state Russian banner is three coloured. It has three horizontal stripes:
white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for
the sky, and the red one signifies liberty. It was the first state symbol that replaced
the former symbols in 1991. The hymn of Russia was created by Alexandrov and
Mikhalkov. Now the national coat of arms is a two-headed eagle. It is the most
ancient symbol of Russia.
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15.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
(coat of arms)
15

16.

Предмет:
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Russia's Parliament
Russia's parliament, which is called the Federal
Assembly, consists of a 450-member lower house
known as the State Duma and a 178-member upper
house called the Federation Council.
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17.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The State Duma makes the country's laws. The
Duma's proposed legislation must be approved
by the Federation Council and by the President
before becoming law. However, the State Duma
can override a veto by the Federation Council
and send legislation directly to the President.
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18.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The Federation Council approves government
appointments and such presidential actions as
the declaration of martial law and the use of
armed forces outside of Russia.
18

19.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Members of the State Duma are elected by the people to
four-year terms. Members of the Federation Council are
local government officials. These members include
regional governors and leaders of local legislatures. They
are not elected directly to the council but gain membership
when they attain the local office.
All Russian citizens 18 years of age and older may vote in
the country's elections.
19

20.

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«Иностранный язык»
s
State symbols
20

21.

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President`s Authority and Duties
21

22.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
President`s Authority and Duties
The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state
and guarantor of the Constitution and of human and civil rights
and freedoms.
The President is elected for a 6-year term by the Russian Federation’s
citizens.
22

23.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The status of the President of the Russian Federation is
defined in chapter four of the Constitution.
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24.

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President`s Authority and Duties
• The President must define the basic domestic policy
guidelines of the state.
• The President must define the basic foreign policy.
24

25.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
President`s Authority and Duties
• The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces.
• The President resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian
Federation award state decorations, and grant pardons.
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26.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Oath of the President of Russia
“In performing my duties as the President of the Russian Federation,
I pledge to respect and protect the rights and liberties of every citizen;
to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity
of the state and to serve the people faithfully.”
26

27.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Russia
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world.
It occupies about one-seventh part of dry land. It is
situated in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17
million square kilometers.
The population of Russia is about 150 million people. 83
per cent of the population are Russians. 70 per cent of
the population live in cities.
27

28.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The country is washed by seas and oceans, by the
Arctic Ocean in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the
east. There are many rivers in Russia. The largest
rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Yenisei and
OB in Asia. All rivers flow in the seas. The deepest
lakes are the Baikal and Ladoga.
Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are
concentrated in the European north of the country, in
Siberia and in the Far East.
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29.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
There are different types of climate on the territory of the
country. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The
central part of the country has mild climate: winters are cold,
springs and autumns are warm or cool, summers are hot and
warm. In the South the temperature is usually above zero all
year round, even in winter. Summer is really hot. The climate
of Siberia is continental: summers are hot and dry, winters are
very cold.
29

30.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Some parts of our country are covered with mountains and hills. Here
are three main mountains chains in Russia. The Caucasus is a range of
mountains, which extend from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. The
highest mountain is the Caucasus. The highest mountain in Caucasus is
Mount Elbrus. The Urals extend from the Arctic Ocean to the steppes.
This mountain chain divides the European and Asian parts of Russia.
The Urals are famous for their valuable minerals. There are
150 volcanoes in Kamchatka, 30 of which are active.
30

31.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
The Russian Federation is very rich in mineral
resources, such as oil, natural gas, coal, iron,
gold and others.
Today
Russia
is
one
of
the
world's
largest grain products and exporters. It produced 78 %
of all its natural gas, 60 % of steel, 80 % of timber and
91 % of oil. So, today Russia becomes
greatest industrial country.
31

32.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Russia
borders
on
fourteen
countries
including the former republics of the USSR,
which are now independent states. Russia
borders with Estonia, Latvia, Finland, Poland,
China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan and
so on.
32

33.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Moscow is the capital of our country. It was founded in
1147. It is a wonderful city. There are many sights in
Moscow. You can see many museums, art galleries,
theatres, churches and monuments in our capital. People of
our country are proud of the Moscow Kremlin. There are
also many big beautiful cities in Russia.
33

34.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
There are different sporting societies and clubs in Russia.
Many of them take part in different international
tournaments and are known all over the world. A great
number of world records have been set by Russian
sportsmen: weightlifters, tennis players, swimmers, figure
skaters, high jumpers. Our sportsmen also participate in the
Olympic Games and always win a lot of gold, silver and
bronze medals.
34

35.

Предмет:
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35

36.

Предмет:
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1. Loud
2. Short
3. Strong
4. Dangerous
1. Loud
2. Short
3. Strong
4. Dangerous
5.Bad
6. Nice
5.Bad
6. Nice
36

37.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
+ существ.
нет существ.
37

38.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
10. They’re going to London with some students of
_________.
11. This is not my pencil, ________is red.
12. I haven’t got a pen. Can you give me _____?
13. Take off__________ coat, please.
14. We went on holiday with some friends of ________.
15. Ann is married. _________husband works in a bank.
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39.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Future Continuous
39

40.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Упражнения "Времена группы Continuous"
1. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future
Continuous.
to shine
1. The sun … yesterday morning.
2. The sun … brightly now.
3. Tomorrow the sun … all day long.
to write
4. I … a postcard at the moment.
5. I … a postcard when you phoned.
6. I … a lot of Christmas cards tomorrow evening.
to sit
7. We … in the garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
8. This time tomorrow we … in the garden.
9. We … in the garden now.
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41.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
1. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present
Continuous:
1. I see that you (wear) your new suit today.
2. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.
3. The bus (stop) for us now.
4. Please, be quiet! The baby (sleep).
5. The leaves (begin) to fall from the trees.
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42.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
2.
Употребите
глаголы,
данные
в
скобках,
в Past Continuous:
1. When you telephoned, I (have) dinner.
2. The baby (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.
3. She (talk) with Mr Smith when I saw her in the hall.
4. The accident happened while they (travel) in the South.
5. When I got up this morning, the sun (shine) brightly.
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43.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
3. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future
Continuous:
1. I (wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow
morning.
2. It probably (rain) when you get back.
3. If you come before six, I (work) in my garden.
4. At this time tomorrow afternoon I (take) my final English
examination.
5. If we go there now, they (have) dinner. But if we go later,
they (watch) television.
43

44.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме
Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous.
1.I … (study) Japanese online from 5 till 6 tomorrow evening.
2.Listen! Why the dogs … (bark)?
3.She … (wear) a yellow coat when I saw her.
4.They … (take) their driving test next Monday.
5.I dropped my wallet when I … (get) on the bus.
6.What you … (do) in my office yesterday?
7.Bob … (feel) much better today.
8.The kids … (watch) cartoons in their room now.
9.I’m afraid she … (sleep) in ten minutes.
10.We … (have) tea soon?
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45.

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46.

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47.

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48.

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49.

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50.

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51.

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52.

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52

53.

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53

54.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Упражнение 1. Вставьте so, such (a / an)
1.My Dad was ___________ angry that I knew I’d better disappear for a while.
2.The journey was _________ long, that we wanted to return.
3.They were __________ beautiful earrings that I decided I had to get them.
4.It was ____________ windy that they couldn’t stand up!
5.Her pies were ___________ delicious, that I asked for another helping.
6.They are _________ noisy neighbors that we can’t sleep at night.
7.They had ___________ wonderful holiday in Italy.
8.It was ___________ waste of time!
9.The film was _______ boring!
10.The water in the rivers is ________ dirty.
11.That had __________ strong effect on me!
12.She had ____________ bad headache that she went to lie down for a while.
13.It was ___________ lovely party!
14.He is __________ interesting person!
15.Everyone had __________ good time when we went cycling that we agreed to go
again.
16.Edward and Rose used to be __________ good friends.
17.The tornado was ___________powerful that the town was destroyed.
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55.

Предмет:
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56.

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57.

58.

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59.

60.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
60

61.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Present Continuous
61

62. Слова подсказки:

• Now
• At the moment
• At present
• Still
• Nowadays
• Today
• Tonight
• Currently

63.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Subject + be + Ving
I + am + reading
63

64.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Subject + be + not + Ving
I + am + not + reading
64

65.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Be + subject + Ving ?
Am + I + reading ?
65

66.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
66

67.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Past Continuous обозначает
1) длительное действие в определенный момент в прошлом
Пример 1: At 10 o’clock it was still raining.
Пример 2: They were working in the garden from six till eight.
2) несколько продолженных действий, происходящих в один
момент в прошлом
Пример: I was cooking dinner while she was cleaning the
room.
67

68.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Past Continuous обозначает
3) прошедшее длительное действие, которое было прервано
другим действием
Пример 1: While I was having breakfast the telephone rang.
Пример 2: When she came home I was playing computer
games.
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69.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Слова подсказки Past Continuous
At 5 o’clock yesterday
From 5 till 6 yesterday
For three days last week
While
When
69

70.

Предмет:
Подлежащее
«Иностранный язык»
was/were
V+ing.
Example:
1. I was reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday.
2. You were driving when I saw you.
70

71.

Предмет:
Подлежащее
«Иностранный язык»
was/were
not
V+ing.
Example:
1. I was not reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday.
2. You were not driving when I saw you.
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72.

Предмет:
Was/were
«Иностранный язык»
подлежащее
V+ing ?
Example:
1. Was I reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday?
2. Were you driving when I saw you?
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73.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
73

74.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Future Continuous обозначает:
1) будущее продолженное действие в определенный
момент в прошлом
Пример: At 8 o’clock she will be having her early morning
cup of tea.
Пример 2: He will be waiting for you at seven in the evening
tomorrow.
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75.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Слова подсказки:
75

76.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Subject + will be + Ving
I + will be + reading
76

77.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Subject + will + not + be+ Ving
(won’t)
I will not (won’t) be reading
77

78.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
Will + subject +be + Ving ?
Will + I + be + reading ?
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79.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
79

80.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
Упражнения "Времена группы Continuous"
1. Поставьте
глагол в форму Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous.
to shine
1. The sun … yesterday morning.
2. The sun … brightly now.
3. Tomorrow the sun … all day long.
to write
4. I … a postcard at the moment.
5. I … a postcard when you phoned.
6. I … a lot of Christmas cards tomorrow evening.
to sit
7. We … in the garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
8. This time tomorrow we … in the garden.
9. We … in the garden now.
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81.

Предмет:
«Иностранный язык»
81

82.

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«Иностранный язык»
82

83.

Предмет: «Иностранный язык»
83

84. Времена группы PERFECT

85. Perfect Tenses

86.

• Present Perfect — настоящее
завершенное время
• Past Perfect
— прошедшее
завершенное время
• Future Perfect — будущее
завершенное время

87. Present Perfect Tense (Active)

• Времена группы Perfect (Present, Past,
Future) выражают действие, которое уже
совершилось к определенному моменту в
настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.
• Времена группы Perfect образуются
при помощи вспомогательного глагола to
have в соответствующем времени, лице и
числе и причастия прошедшего времени
(Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

88.

В каждом времени
используется вспомогательный глагол have (has
— для she, he, it), который не переводится и не
несет смысловой нагрузки. Это просто
помощник, который обязательно должен быть в
предложении. В Past используется
вторая форма: had, а в Future образовывается
сочетанием will + have.

89. Запомните :

• 1. Причастие прошедшего времени (Past
Participle) от стандартных глаголов
совпадает по форме с глаголами в Past
Indefinite Tense и имеет окончание - ed.
• 2. Причастие прошедшего времени (Past
Participle) от нестандартных глаголов
можно найти в словаре
(так называемая 3 форма глагола) или в
специальной таблице
нестандартных
глаголов (3 колонка).

90. Present Perfect

91. Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense
• The Present Perfect Tense употребляется
для обозначения действия, которое
только что (недавно) закончилось или
еще продолжается в настоящем.

92. Запомните

Запомните
основные случаи употребления Present Perfect
Tense:
1. Действие совершилось, и результат его связан с
настоящим; время не указано.
Science and education have become inseparable.
Наука и образование стали неразрывны.
1. Действие
совершилось, в
предложениях
употребляются наречия неопределенного времени:
already – уже, just – только что, ever – когда-либо,
never – никогда, lately – недавно, recently – в
последнее время, (not) yet – еще не.

93.

2. Действие совершилось, а указанный период времени
не истек. В предложениях используются обстоятельства
типа: this week (month, year, summer) – на этой неделе (в
этом месяце, в этом году, летом); today – сегодня.
She has entered the institute this year.
• Она поступила в институт в этом году

94.

3. Действие началось в прошлом и
продолжается
в
момент
речи.
В
предложениях употреблены предлоги since
– с, for – в течение.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Я не видел тебя целую вечность.
I have known him since childhood.
Я знаю его с детства.

95. PRESENT Perfect

have
+ V3 / Ved
has
I have enjoyed
She has enjoed
We have done

96. PRESENT Perfect

Have
+
+ V3 / Ved ?
Has
Have I enjoyed?
Has she enjoyed?
Have we done?

97. PRESENT Perfect

have
+ not + V3 / Ved.
has
I have not enjoyed
She has not enjoyed
We have not done

98.

Утвердител Вопроситель Отрицатель
ьная
ная
ная
форма
форма
форма
Have I asked?
I have asked
Has he
He has asked
asked?
I have not
asked
He has not
asked

99. Past Perfect

100. PAST Perfect

• had + V3 / Ved
I had enjoyed
She had enjoyed
We had done

101. Past Perfect

Had+
+ V3 / Ved ?
Had I enjoyed?
Had she enjoyed?
Had we done?

102. PRESENT Perfect

had +
had + not + V3 / Ved.
I had not enjoyed
She had not enjoyed
We had not done

103.

• Past Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения
действия, совершившегося к определенному моменту в
прошлом. Этот момент может быть выражен:
• а) обстоятельством с предлогом by - к (by the end of the
year, by the 1-st of May, etc.)
• The students had passed their credit-tests and exams by January,
1.
• Студенты сдали зачеты и экзамены к первому января.
• б) другим действием в прошлом, выраженным глаголом
в Past Indefinite.
• She had finished school before she entered the university.

104. Past Perfect Tense

Утвердител Вопросител Отрицатель
ьная
ьная
ная
форма
форма
форма
I had not
I had asked Had I asked?
asked
He had
Had he
He had not
asked
asked?
asked

105. Future Perfect

106.

• Future Perfect Tense употребляется для выражения
действия, которое завершится к определенному
моменту в будущем. Этот момент может быть
выражен:
а) обстоятельством с предлогом by - к (by 6 o’clock,
by the beginning of the week, etс.)
They will have tested this apparatus by the end of the
month.
Они проведут испытания этого аппарата к концу
месяца.
б) другим действием, относящимся к будущему, с
глаголом в Present Perfect или в Present Indefinite
Tense.

107. Future perfect

Will have+ V3 / Ved
I will have enjoyed
She will have enjoyed
We will have done

108. Future Perfect

+will +have+ not + V3 / Ved.
I will nothave enjoyed
She will not have enjoyed
We will not have done

109. Future Perfect

Will+
have + V3 / Ved ?
wilI I have enjoyed?
Will she have enjoyed?
Will we have done?

110. Future Perfect Tense

Утвердител Вопросител Отрицатель
ьная
ьная
ная
форма
форма
форма
I shall (will)
I shall (will) Shall (will) I
not have
have asked have asked?
asked
He will have Will he have
He will not
asked
asked?
have asked