Law-Enforcement Bodies

1. Law- Enforcement Bodies

Federal State Treasury Educational Institution of Higher
Education
"St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee
of the Russian Federation"
Law- Enforcement
Bodies
St. Petersburg

2.

The state has many ways of making sure that citizens obey the law.
It makes the public aware of what the law is and tries to encourage
social support for law and order.

3.

It uses police to investigate crimes and catch criminals. It authorizes
courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and
to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And it makes
efforts to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law.

4.

Ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it.
Government usually expects citizens to be aware of the laws which
affect their lives. Sometimes this seems very harsh, for example,
when the law is very technical.

5.

However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft,
assault and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and
moral attitudes to everyday behaviour. In such cases a person
knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly
which law it is.

6.

So, the state combats crime through the courts, the Prosecutor's
Office, investigating authorities, state security bodies, police and
other law-enforcement agencies. They have to perform a series of
acts to establish the fact of the crime, discover the offender and
determine the penalty to be imposed in virtue of law.

7.

After receiving information that a crime has been committed, the
investigator,
for
instance,
commences
the
preliminary
investigation: he inspects the scene of the crime, summons and
questions witnesses, detains suspects, etc.

8.

During the investigation of a criminal case, he has the right to
demand that citizens should take part in examinations and
searches, and testify on the facts known to them; and that persons
in office make available certificates, documents etc. The police, the
investigator, the prosecutor and the court may make such demands
only within the power vested in them by law.

9.

The functions of the law-enforcement bodies have always been to
protect state and personal property, to maintain public law and
order, to safeguard the rights and interests of citizens.

10.

WORDS
1
to enforce the law
[tə ɪnˈfɔːs ðə lɔː]
обеспечивать правопорядок
2
to obey the law
[tə əˈbeɪ ðə lɔː]
соблюдать закон
3
to investigate
[təɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt]
расследовать, проводить
расследование
4
investigation
[ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn]
расследование
5
investigator
[ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt̬ə]
следователь
6
investigating authorities
[ɪnˈvestɪgeɪtɪŋ ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪz]
следственные органы
7
to catch criminals
[kæʧ ˈkrɪmɪnlz]
ловить преступников
8
to authorize courts
[tə ˈɔːθəraɪz kɔːts]
уполномочивать суды
9
offence
[əˈfens]
правонарушение,
преступление
10
offender
[əˈfendə]
правонарушитель
11
guilt
[gɪlt]
вина
12
guilty
[ˈgɪltɪ]
виновный

11.

13
to pass a sentence
[tə pɑːs əˈsentəns]
выносить приговор
14
to break the law
[tə breɪk ðə lɔː]
нарушать закон
15
to be aware of
[tə bi əˈweər əv]
быть осведомленным о
16
to combat crime
[tə ˈkɒmbət kraɪm]
бороться с преступностью
17
to perform acts
[tə pəˈfɔːm ækts]
совершать действия
18
to discover
[tə dɪsˈkʌvə]
находить, обнаруживать
19
to impose a penalty
[tə ɪmˈpəʊz ˈpenəltɪ]
применить наказание
20
in virtue of law
[ɪn ˈvɜːtjuː əv lɔː]
в силу закона
21
to commit a crime
[tə kəˈmɪt eɪ kraɪm]
совершать преступление
22
preliminary investigation
[prɪˈlɪmɪnəri ɪnvestɪˈɡeɪʃn]
предварительное
расследование
23
to summon
[ˈsʌmən]
вызывать (повесткой)
24
a witness
[ˈwɪtnəs]
свидетель
25
to detain suspects
[tə dɪˈteɪn ˈsʌspekts]
задерживать подозреваемых

12.

26
a search
[sɜːʧ]
обыск
27
to testify (on)
[tʊ ˈtestɪfaɪ]
давать показания (о)
28
person in office
[ˈpɜːsn ɪn ˈɒfɪs]
должностное лицо
29
to make available
[tə meɪk əˈveɪləbl]
предоставлять
30
to vest power in somebody
[tə vest ˈpaʊə ɪn
ˈsʌmbədɪ]
наделять кого-то
полномочиями
31
to maintain public law and order
[tə meɪnˈteɪn ˈpʌblɪk lɔː
ənd ˈɔːdə]
32
to collect evidence
[tə kəˈlekt ˈevɪdəns]
собирать доказательства
33
innocence
[ˈɪnəsəns]
невиновность
34
innocent
[ˈɪnəsənt]
невиновный
35
state security bodies
[steɪt sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ ˈbɒdɪ]
органы государственной
безопасности
36
the Prosecutor’s Office
[ðiː ˈprɒsɪkˌjuːtəz ˈɒfɪs]
прокуратура
37
law-enforcement bodies
law-enforcement agencies
[ˈlɔː ɪnˈfɔːsmənt ˈbɒdɪz]
[ˈlɔː ɪnˈfɔːsmənt ˈeɪdʒənsɪz]
поддерживать общественны
правопорядок
правоохранительные орган

13.

38
the Police
[ðiː pəˈliːs]
полиция
39
theft
[θeft]
кража
40
assault
[əˈsɔːlt]
нападение
41
to deter
[dɪˈtɜː]
сдерживать
42
to make efforts
[tuː meɪk ˈɛfəts]
делать попытки
43
the scene of a crime
[ðə ˈsiːn əv ə ˈkraɪm]
место происшествия
44
criminal procedure (proceedings)
[ˈkrɪmɪnl prəˈsiːʤə]
судопроизводство
45
to prohibit
[prəˈhɪbɪt]
запрещать
46
trial
[ˈtraɪəl]
судебный процесс
47
ignorance of the law
[ˈɪɡnərəns əv ðə lɔː]
незнание закона

14. The questions:

1.
What are the ways of making sure that citizens obey the law?
2.
Is ignorance of the law a defence for breaking it?
3.
Through what bodies does the state combat crime?
4.
What acts must law-enforcement bodies perform?
5.
What does the investigator do after receiving information that a crime has
been committed?
6.
What rights do the investigating bodies have during the investigation of a
criminal case?
7.
What are the main functions of the law-enforcement bodies?

15. Memory check

Exercise 1. Which law-enforcement
body deals with:
a)
Preliminary investigation?
b)
Witnesses and suspects?

16.

Exercise 2. Enumerate:
A) the investigating bodies
B) the functions, performed by the investigating bodies
C) the investigator`s duties
D) the acts performed by the investigator
E) the categories of people summoned and questioned by
the investigator
F) the law-enforcement agencies taking part in
investigations of criminal cases
G) the ways the state makes citizens obey the law

17.

Exercise 3. Discuss the problem
questions.
• A)
Why are the agencies combating the
crimes so numerous?
• B)
Should all the combating the crime bodies
communicate with each other?

18.

Exercise 4.
Discuss the role of the police in law enforcement. Write
any cases you know when the police or other lawenforcement agencies exceeded their powers.

19.

Exercise 5. Write a paragraph containing two
arguments for and two against the following
statements.
Choose from:
A) «Criminals need help more than punishment»
B) «Imprisonment is revenge but not
rehabilitation»
Discuss your answers.

20.

Exercise 6. Who performs the following actions? Choose the
necessary words from the list given below.
A) ______ perform a series of acts to establish the fact of the crime.
B) ______ makes the public aware of what the law is and tries to
encourage social support for law and order.
C) ______ should take part in examinations and searches.
D) ______ authorizes courts to complete the investigation of criminal and
civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others.
E) ______ makes efforts to re-educate and reform people who have broken
the law.
(citizens, government, the state , the investigator, law-enforcement
agencies)

21.

Exercise 7. Finish the sentences using the words in brackets.
A) After receiving the information that a crime has been committed
the investigator commences the preliminary____
( questioning , seizure , investigation , punishment , sentence)
B) The law-enforcement bodies safeguard ___
( a criminal, an offender, the interests of citizens, an assessor)
C) The challenge of the law-enforcement bodies has always been to
protect ___ , to maintain ___
( state and personal property , criminals, offenders, public law and
order)

22.

Exercise 8. Word check.
Read the following words and try to guess the meaning of their derivatives .
Distribute them into 3 columns.
•Nouns
Verbs
To investigate- investigation - investigator
To establish- establishment
To discover- discovery
To determine-determined- determination
To inspect- inspector- inspection
To question- a question - questioning
A suspect- to suspect - suspicious
Person- personal
Original - an original - to originate
Offender - Offence
Adjectives

23. Thank you for attention!