Adelaide

1. Adelaide

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Lyashova Ekaterina 21-KA
Adelaide

2.

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Adelaide) is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous
city of Australia. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents
of Adelaide.
Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between
the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. Its
metropolitan area extends 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount
Lofty Ranges, and stretches 96 km (60 mi) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach
in the south.

3.

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Named in honour of Queen Adelaide,
consort to King William IV, the city was
founded in 1836 as the planned capital for
the only freely-settled British province in
Australia.[9] Colonel William Light, one of
Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the
city centre and chose its location close to
the River Torrens, in the area originally
inhabited by the Kaurna people and known
as Tarndanyangga ("place of the red
kangaroo"). Light's design, now listed as
national heritage, set out the city centre in a
grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards
and large public squares, and entirely
surrounded by parklands.

4.

Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the
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diversity and wealth of its free settlers, in
contrast to the convict history of other
Australian cities. Until the post-war era, it
was Australia's third-largest city. It has been
noted for its leading examples of religious
freedom and progressive political reforms,
and became known as the "City of
Churches" due to its diversity of faiths.
Today, Adelaide is noted for its many
festivals and sporting events, its food and
wine, its coastline and hills, and its large
defence
and
manufacturing
sectors.
Adelaide's quality of life has ranked
consistently highly in various measures
through the 21st century.

5. History

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South Australia was officially established as a British Province in England in February
1836. The first Governor proclaimed the commencement of colonial government in
South Australia on 28 December 1836, near The Old Gum Tree in what is now the
suburb of Glenelg North. The event is commemorated in South Australia as
Proclamation Day.[17] The site of the colony's capital was surveyed and laid out by
Colonel William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, with his own
original, unique, topographically sensitive design. Claims of the design being by the
architect George Strickland Kingston[18] have been thoroughly debunked.[19][full
citation needed][20][full citation needed] The city was named after Adelaide of SaxeMeiningen, queen consort to King

6.

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In July 1876, the Illustrated Sydney News published a special
supplement that included an early aerial view of the City of Adelaide:
(South) Adelaide (the CBD), River Torrens, and portion of North Adelaide
from a point above Strangways Terrace, North Adelaide.

7. 20th century

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20th century
Adelaide was Australia's third largest city for most of the 20th century.mElectric street
lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909.
28,000 men were sent to fight in World War I. Historian F. W. Crowley examined the
reports of visitors in the early 20th century, noting that "many visitors to Adelaide
admired the foresighted planning of its founders", as well as pondering the riches of the
young city. Adelaide enjoyed a postwar boom, entering a time of relative prosperity. Its
population grew, and it became the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,
after Sydney and Melbourne. Its prosperity was short-lived, with the return of droughts
and the Great Depression of the 1930s. It later returned to fortune under strong
government leadership. Secondary industries helped reduce the state's dependence on
primary industries. World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to
Adelaide under the Playford Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for
manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. Shipbuilding was expanded at the
nearby port of Whyalla.

8. 21st century

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21st century
In the early years of the 21st century, a significant increase in the state government's
spending on Adelaide's infrastructure occurred. The Rann government invested A$535
million in a major upgrade of the Adelaide Oval to enable Australian Football League to be
played in the city centre and more than A$2 billion to build a new Royal Adelaide Hospital
on land adjacent to the Adelaide Railway Station.[45] The Glenelg tramline was extended
through the city to Hindmarsh down to East Terrace and the suburban railway line extended
south to Seaford.
Following a period of stagnation in the 1990s and 2000s, Adelaide began several major
developments and redevelopments. The Adelaide Convention Centre was redeveloped and
expanded at a cost of A$350 million beginning in 2012. Three historic buildings were
adapted for modern use: the Torrens Building in Victoria Square as the Adelaide campus for
Carnegie Mellon University, University College London, and Torrens University; the Stock
Exchange building as the Science Exchange of the Royal Institution Australia; and the
Glenside Psychiatric Hospital as the Adelaide Studios of the SA Film Corporation. The
government also invested more than A$2 billion to build a desalination plant, powered by
renewable energy, as an 'insurance policy' against droughts affecting Adelaide's water
supply. The Adelaide Festival, Fringe, and Womadelaide became annual events.

9. Geography

Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the
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Adelaide Plains
between the Gulf St Vincent and
the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city
stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the
foothills, and 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its
northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south.
According to the Regional Development Australia,
an Australian government planning initiative, the
"Adelaide Metropolitan Region" has a total land
area of 870 km2 (340 sq mi), while a more
expansive definition by the Australian Bureau of
Statistics defines a "Greater Adelaide" statistical
area totalling 3,259.8 km2 (1,258.6 sq mi).[2] The
city sits at an average elevation of 50 metres (160
ft) above sea level. Mount Lofty, east of the
Adelaide metropolitan region in the Adelaide Hills
at an elevation of 727 metres (2,385 ft), is the
tallest point of the city and in the state south of
Burra.
Geography

10. Climate

Adelaide has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate
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classification: Csa).[71]
The city has hot, dry summers and mild to cool
winters with moderate rainfall. Most precipitation falls in the winter
months, leading to the suggestion that the climate be classified as a
"cold monsoon".[72] Rainfall is unreliable, light and infrequent
throughout summer, although heavy falls can occur. In contrast, the
winter has fairly reliable rainfall with June being the wettest month of
the year, averaging around 80 mm. Frosts are occasional, with the
most notable occurrences in July 1908 and July 1982. Hail is also
common in winter. Adelaide is a windy city with significant wind chill in
winter, which makes the temperature seem colder than it actually is.
Snowfall in the metropolitan area is extremely uncommon, although
light and sporadic falls in the nearby hills and at Mount Lofty occur
during winter. Dewpoints in the summer typically range from 8 to 10 °C
(46 to 50 °F). There are usually five to six days in summer where the
temperature reaches 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) or above; the frequency of
these temperatures has been increasing in recent years.
Climate

11. Economy

South Australia's largest employment
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sectors are
health care and social
assistance,[102][103]
surpassing
manufacturing in SA as the largest
employer since 2006–07.[102][103] In
2009–10, manufacturing in SA had average
annual employment of 83,700 persons
compared with 103,300 for health care and
social assistance.[102] Health care and
social assistance represented nearly 13%
of
the
state
average
annual
employment.[104] The Adelaide Hills wine
region is an iconic and viable economic
region for both the state and country in
terms of wine production and sale. The
2014 vintage is reported as consisting of
5,836 t (5,744 long tons; 6,433 short tons)
red grapes crushed valued at A$8,196,142
and 12,037 t (11,847 long tons; 13,269
short tons) white grapes crushed valued at
$14,777,631.
Economy

12. Education and research

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Education forms an increasingly important part
of the city's economy, with the South Australian
Government and educational institutions
attempting to position Adelaide as "Australia's
education hub" and marketing it as a "Learning
City." The number of international students
studying in Adelaide has increased rapidly in
recent years to 30,726 in 2015, of which 1,824
were secondary school students. In addition to
the city's existing institutions, foreign institutions
have been attracted to set up campuses to
increase its attractiveness as an education hub.
Adelaide is the birthplace of three Nobel
laureates, more than any other Australian city:
physicist William Lawrence Bragg and
pathologists Howard Florey and Robin Warren,
all of whom completed secondary and tertiary
education at St Peter's College and the
University of Adelaide.

13. Cultural life

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Cultural life
While established as a British province, and very much English in terms of its culture,
Adelaide attracted immigrants from other parts of Europe early on, including German and
other European non-conformists escaping religious persecution. The first German
Lutherans arrived in 1838[141] bringing with them the vine cuttings that they used to found
the acclaimed wineries of the Barossa Valley.
The Royal Adelaide Show is an annual agricultural show and state fair, established in 1839
and now a huge event held in the Adelaide Showground annually.
Adelaide's arts scene flourished in the 1960s and 1970s with the support of successive
premiers from both major political parties. The renowned Adelaide Festival of Arts was
established in 1960 under Thomas Playford, which in the same year spawned an unofficial
uncurated series of performances and exhibits which grew into the Adelaide Fringe.
Construction of the Adelaide Festival Centre began under Steele Hall in 1970 and was
completed under the subsequent government of Don Dunstan, who also established the
South Australian Film Corporation in 1972 and the State Opera of South Australia in 1976.