Repetition and chiasmus

1.

Repetition and chiasmus
The presentation was made by Fedorova Svetlana

2.

Repetition:
a variety of figures of speech, which are based on the repeated
use of some units of language (words, syntax, morphine or sounds)
within the same sentence or the meaning of the text segment. They are used
to make the statement more expressive.
Lexical repetition
Is used to increase the degree of
emotion
anaphora
epiphora
Syntactic repetition
refers to repetition of syntactic elements or
constractions
syntactic tautology
15.04.2022
syntactic parallelism

3.

Anaphora –the repetition of the same elements at the beginning
of several sentences
Examples:
“Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.”
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal»
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former
slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.”
Martin Luther King
So many places, so little time.
15.04.2022

4.

Epiphora-the repetition of the same elements at the end of several sentences
examples:
The United States, as the world knows,
will never start a war. We do not want a war.
We do not now expect a war.
John F. Kennedy, “The Strategy for Peace,” June 1963
With this faith, we will be able to work together,
to pray together,
to struggle together,
to go to jail together,
to stand up for freedom together,
knowing that we will be free one day.
Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream“, August 28, 1963
15.04.2022

5.

Syntactic repetition
1.syntactic tautology-defining or explaining something by saying
exactly the same thing again in different words.
Examples:
The careful, there is a lot of frozen ice on the road!
In Rome, we saw dilapidated ruins.
Our nation must come together to unite. George W. Bush
«To be or not to be, that is the question»
William Shakespeare, Hamlet
Это изображение, автор: Неизвестный автор, лицензия: CC BY-NC-ND
15.04.2022

6.

2.syntactic parallelism-repetition of similar syntactic
consturctions in the text in order to strengthen the emotional impact
examples:
Follow love and it will flee; flee love and it will follow.
What you see is what you get.
Easy come, easy go.
15.04.2022

7.

Сhiasmus-repetition of the same structure
but with the opposite order of elements
(a reserved version of syntactic parallelism)
Examples:
My job is not to
represent Washington to you,
but to represent you to Washington.
I wasted time,
and now time doth waste me.
Barack Obama
William Shakespeare
15.04.2022

8.

THAT`S ALL
15.04.2022

9.

Test Your Knowledge:
1. Which of the following statements is the correct epiphora definition?
A. A form of repetition in which a word or words is repeated at the beginning of successive clauses.
B. A type of repetition in which a word is repeated in the middle of successive phrases.
C. A type of repetition with the same elements at the end of several sentences
2. Which of the following statements is the correct anaphora definition?
A. A form of repetition in which a word or words is repeated at the beginning of successive clauses.
B. A type of repetition in which a word is repeated in the middle of successive phrases.
C. A type of repetition with the same elements at the end of several sentences
3. What is a form of repetition?
There’s nothing you can do that can’t be done
Nothing you can sing that can’t be sung
Nothing you can say, but you can learn how to play the game
It’s easy
15.04.2022

10.

Choose the correct form of repetition for the next phrase:
And if you can’t be with the one you love, honey,
Love the one you’re with.
Answers:
A. syntactic parallelism
B. Сhiasmus
C. syntactic tautology
15.04.2022

11.

Заголовок Lorem Ipsum
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT.
NUNC VIVERRA IMPERDIET ENIM.
FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS A TELLUS.
PELLENTESQUE HABITANT MORBI
TRISTIQUE SENECTUS ET NETUS.