Materialism and idealism in philosophy (1)

1.

Materialism and idealism in
philosophy
Presented By: Azhen Sayat
ID: 210107068

2.

There are not many questions in philosophy that
are as fundamental and eternal as the question of
what is primary - matter or consciousness. This
question is one of the main ones in all
philosophical science, and it has greatly
influenced its development and deepening.
MATTER
vS
CONSCIOUSNESS

3.

What is the essence of materialism and
idealism
Materialists are convinced that the material is primary and objective,
while consciousness, thinking, the spiritual are the derivatives of this
form of being. Consciousness depends on the material and is
subordinate to it.
The idealistic orientation recognizes the primacy of thinking,
consciousness, ideas. Everything material, everything that exists was a
creation, a product of consciousness, and thus the external world is a
reflection of the internal.

4.

Idealism
Objective
Subjective

5.

Objective idealism recognizes the real, existing
world, and along with it the world of ideas, a certain
world consciousness.
Those who adhere to subjective idealism believe
that reality is only our sensations and perceptions,
and all that really is is our sensory experience,
thoughts, and consciousness.

6.

Idealism has its origins in ancient times, in ancient philosophy.
One of the first apologists for this approach can be called
Plato (V-IV centuries BC), and among the philosophers of the
New Age - Leibniz (1646-1716) and Hegel (1770-1831).
Among the philosophers of subjective idealism were George
Berkeley (1685–1753), David Hume (1711–1786), Immanuel Kant
(1724–1804), and others.

7.

Materialism
As the name implies, materialism stands on the position that
matter is the only existing, primary principle. The world is
material, material - everything that exists objectively,
regardless of consciousness. The ideal, the psychic is
secondary and is determined by the material nature of the
world.

8.

Democritus of Abdera (5th-4th centuries BC), one of the
scientists and smartest men of Ancient Greece, was the founder
of atomic materialism. According to him, everything consists of
atoms - indivisible particles of matter that have existence.
Representatives of mechanistic materialism, also called
metaphysical, are Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Julien
La Mettrie, Claude Adrian Helvetius, Paul Henri Holbach. They lived
and worked in an era of great scientific and industrial discoveries
and progress, and the desire to know the world from the point of
view of exact sciences and mechanics is reflected in their
philosophical concepts.

9.

Summary

10.

So, the main question that philosophy has been trying
to answer for many centuries is the question of what is
primary: matter or spirit, being or consciousness. There
are two diametrically opposed points of view here Materialism and Idealism.
Materialism asserts that the material principle is primary and
dominant in relation to the ideal, spiritual, mental.
Idealism, in turn, recognizes the primacy of consciousness.

11.

Both worldviews are sharply opposed to each other and
incompatible. Nevertheless, dualism sought to reconcile both
of these points of view, recognizing the equivalence and
equality of both principles.
This is one of the main questions of philosophical
knowledge, which in its dialectics contributed to the
development and deepening of this discipline.

12.

Thank you for watching!
Philosophy
Materialism
and
Idealism