The noun and its grammatical categories

1.

2.

•The general characteristics of the noun and
its position in the system of parts of speech.
•The category of gender: the traditional and
modern approaches to the category of
gender.
•The category of number. Traditional and
modern interpretations of number
distinctions of the noun.
•The category of case: different approaches
to its interpretation.

3.

e.g.
We are among the
don’t knows
e.g.
Would you like a
with or a without?

4.

special lexical markers
bull-calf;
cow-calf
cock-sparrow; hensparrow
suffixed derivation
he-bear; she-bear
lion-lioness

5.

-
the neuter
-the masculine
-the feminine

6.

“a car”, “a ship” are referred in
English as “she”
“a baby” is referred to “it”
“the moon”, “fortune”,
“wisdom” are substituted by the
pronoun “she”
“sun”, ”war”, “death”, “love”
are substituted by the pronoun
“he”

7.

syntagmatic meanings or variants
snows
–means space plurality
girls – means a number of
people
trousers – partitive plurality
cheeses –kinds of things
plurality

8.

singularity
e.g. I bought a
pen
uncoutability e.g. Oil and
water won’t mix
generalization e.g.The pen
is sometimes stronger than
the sword

9.

The
pine (unmarked
member) grows in the
North
Pines (marked member)
grow in the North

10.

there exist 2 classes of nouns:
singalaria tantum
pluralia tantum

11.

There are the cases when the predicate
agrees with the subject not grammatically
but semantically.
The jury is large
The jury are sitting in Room 5.

12.

Henry Sweet, Otto Jesperson admit the
existence of this category. They speak about two
case forms: common and possessive. Another
opinion expressed by an American scholar
Curme, the german scholar James James, the
Russian scholar Voronzova says that in English
there are 4 cases in English, following the Latin
patterns: the Nominative, Genetive.,.Dative,
Accusative.
The opinion that there are no cases in English at
all was expressed in the works of Rogovskay.
This theory is based on the idea that the
morpheme “s” is more independent than other
grammatical morphemes and can be added not
only to nouns but to adverbs too

13.

syntagmatic meanings of the possessive case
belonging: my sister’s room
subjective: my sister’s arrival
objective: my sister’s operation
authorship: my sister’s picture
possessive of measure (time and distance): a
day’s wait, a mile’s walk
possessive of destination: a boy’s school
descriptive: cat’s eyes
locative: at the florist’s