Globalization and Related concepts

1. Global Issues: Week 2

Globalization
and
Related concepts
Readings:
1) Karns, Margaret P. and Karen A. Mingst (2004) “The
Challenges of Global Governance”,
2) Falk, Richard A. (2015) Horizons of Global Governance, in
Critical perspectives on the crisis of global governance:
reimagining the future.

2. Outline

Globalisation and Global Issues
conceptualisation
theoretical perspectives
Global Governance and IOs

3.

Your global issues
Climate change (global warming, polution, envirnonment) 30 –
Poverty (6) - water issues – Unemployment (3) – US-China relations
- Refugee crisis, migration (4) – Hunger crisis, food security (5) Corruption (4) – The North-South issue (imperialist-opressed
countries) (4) – Terrorism (4) - Overconsumptions - Freedom of
speech – Capitalism – Woman's rights and gender equality (8) Increasing inequalities (3) - Russian war in Ukraine (5) – Lack of
education (3) – Survival of multilateralism (2) - Energy security –
Russian Imperialism and terrorism - Overpopulation- Animal
Rights – Pandemic deseases (3) - Biodiversity loss - Mental health Far-right sentiments in Europe – Dependence on technologies –
Discrimination of LGBT people (3)

4. Basic Concepts

Globalization
= Complex interconnectedness of actors at different
levels and issues in different areas
Globalization
Economic
Political
Cultural
Global Politics (x International Politics)
• New actors on the world stage
• Shifts in political governance
• Understanding networks (x separate actors)

5. Globalisation Theories

Understanding global politics
Theoretical responses
Skepticism – Realism: states are still the most
important players
Support – (Neo) Liberalism: free market economy
and removal of barriers in free movement of people,
goods, capital, ideas etc.
Critiques – (Neo)Marxism, Feminism, Postcolonialism: divides in the global system, inequality,
systematic injustice

6. Global studies

Globalization as a dependent variable – causes
• Transportation – free movement of people,
goods etc.
• Communication – free movement of ideas,
human thought
• Technical innovations – trade cooperation –
pressure for coordination – emergence of new
institutions
• Neoliberal market economy - progressing
development of economic integration

7. Globalization as an independent variable – effects

Positive
+ Trade - access to
products and technologies
+ access to information
+ competition based
market
+ communication and
cultural exchange
+ dissemination of norms
Negative
-lack of regulation
-exploitation of workers
-extensive production and
consumption
-power shifted to
corporations
-environmental
degradation
-cultural assimilation

8. Global Issues: Inequality

Critical argument:
„due to globalization, the
rich are getting richer
while the poor are getting
poorer!“
→ assess the argument

9.

10. Wealth of regions

11. Top Developed Countries

12. Least Developed Countries

13. Inequality based on GINI

14. Global issues in progress

Positive progress:
Poverty
Life expectancy
Access to education
Inter-state conflicts
Constant issues:
Inequality
Global
Regional
Intra-state
New challenges:
Environment (increase in
pollution,
deforestation…)
Migration and internal
displacement
Regional spillover of
conflicts
Various forms of
trafficking
Spread of diseases

15.

Your global issues
Climate change (global warming, polution, envirnonment) 30 –
Poverty (6) - water issues – Unemployment (3) – US-China relations
- Refugee crisis, migration (4) – Hunger crisis, food security (5) Corruption (4) – The North-South issue (imperialist-opressed
countries) (4) – Terrorism (4) - Overconsumptions - Freedom of
speech – Capitalism – Woman's rights and gender equality (8) Increasing inequalities (3) - Russian war in Ukraine (5) – Lack of
education (3) – Survival of multilateralism (2) - Energy security –
Russian Imperialism and terrorism - Overpopulation- Animal
Rights – Pandemic deseases (3) - Biodiversity loss - Mental health Far-right sentiments in Europe – Dependence on technologies –
Discrimination of LGBT people (3)

16. Global Governance

Pieces of Global
Governance
International Law
Inter-Governmental
Organizations (IGOs)
Soft law
Components
Membership
- Multilateral
agreements
- Customs
- Judicial
opinions
x
Applicable mostly to Introducing legaly - UN Charter
states
binding standards of - Geneva
appropriate
Conventions
behavior
- Some labor
rights
- Some human
rights
- Principles of
environmental
protection
States
Applicable mostly
to states
Purpose
- Informational
- Forum
- Normative
- Rule-creating and
- Rule-supervisory
- Operational
Introducing
standards of
appropriate
behavior
Examples
WHO
UN (GA)
Council of Europe
WTO
NATO
- Framework
Convention on
Climate Change
- Declaration of
Human Rights

17. Global Governance

Pieces of Global
Governance
Non-Governmental
Organizations
Components
Membership
Purpose
Examples
x
Individuals, activist
groups, nongovernmental
entities
- Advocacy
- Information
gathering and
dissemination
- Humanitarian
assistance
Managing an adhoc issues out of
the existing
structures
Amnesty International
Green Peace
Human Rights Watch
Enforcement of
existing rules
ICJ, ICC
ECJ, ECHR
Ad-hoc Arrangements Groups of States States
Tribunals
Individuals
Conferences
Global Conferences
x
States
(NGOs, Individuals)
International Courts
Int. Courts
Regional Courts
Jurisdiction over
states or over
individuals
International Regimes Prinicples,
States, IGOs, NGOs, Complex
norms, rules,
Courts, Individuals governance of a
decision-making
single issue
structures
(e.g. prohibition)
ICRC
G8
Non-Aligned
movement
ICTY, ICTR
Earth Summit
- Prohibition of
Genocide
- Nuclear NonProliferation

18.

19. Next week (3):

UN at Crossroads
Reading: Fassbender
Homework (deadline 31. October midnight):
name and explain an issue, where the UN
contradicts interests of your country´s (or its
government) interests.