Problems of linguistic analysis of text

1.

In the last three decades of the 20th century, the
problems of linguistic analysis of text occupy an
important place in the scientific interests of
scientists around the world.
Today, the directions along which the
development of linguistics of the text is going
have become quite clear. These directions differ
from each other (sometimes quite significantly) in
their point of view on the problem of the text, in
the approach to its description and in the specific
method of analysis.

2.

The most widespread attempts remain a strictly
syntactic approach to text description, when the
methods of "sentence grammar" (Satzgrammatik)
are transferred in one form or another to the analysis
of the text.
As a result, a new "text grammar" is created,
using the same conceptual apparatus and the same
methods of analysis as the "sentence grammar".
Within the framework of this new grammar, first of
all, the rules of coherence of sentences are
considered, which sheds light on some important
structural properties of the text.

3.

With another approach to the linguistic description of the text,
the researcher does not limit himself to considering the surface
structure, but tries to determine the patterns of “deep”,
meaningful relationships in the text. The general theory of
such "text semantics" has not yet been developed.
In the third, communicative (or communicative-pragmatic)
approach to the linguistic description of the text, the starting
point of the analysis is not syntactic or the semantic structure
of the text, and the practical activity underlying it.With this
approach, the text is considered as an element of
communication, as a special communicative unit. Linguistic
structures are of interest to the researcher primarily as a tool
for the implementation of the speaker's specific intentions.

4.

All three of the above approaches to the linguistic
description of the text are not mutually exclusive, it
is simply about the study of various aspects of the
same subject - the text.
The pragmatics of the text, which does not take into
account the peculiarities of the syntactic and
semantic organization of the text, would be just a
scientific scheme.
At the same time, there can be no objective
description of the semantic and syntactic structure
of the text without taking into account the pragmatic
aspect in the act of communication.