Pronoun. Present simple. Present continuous

1.

PRONOUN. PRESENT SIMPLE.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

2.

PRONOUN.
• A pronoun is a word that is used instead of (вместо)a noun or noun phrase.
Pronouns refer (относиться)
to either a noun that has already
been mentioned (упоминать) or
to a noun that does not need
to be named specifically.
• Example: “She likes him, but he
loves her”.
• Example: “We said them “hello”,
but they ignored us”.
• The most common pronouns
are the personal (личный)
pronouns, which refer to the
person or people speaking or writing (first person), the person or people being
spoken to (second person), or other people or things (third person).

3.

PRONOUN.
• Possessive (притяжательный) pronouns refer to things or people that
belong to someone.
• The main possessive pronouns
are mine, yours,
his, hers, its, ours, and theirs.
Example: “That’s their car”. (They own
this car).
Example: “Nobody helped me.
I did it myself!” (It emphasizes who
does something)
• Reflexive (возвратный) pronouns refer back to the subject of a sentence or
and are formed (образовывать) by adding -self or -selves to a personal
pronoun or possessive adjective (прилагательное), as
in myself, herself, ourselves, and itself.

4.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
• We use indefinite (неопределенный) pronouns to refer to people or things
without saying exactly who or what they are. We use pronouns ending in body or -one for people, and pronouns ending in -thing for things:
• Everybody enjoyed the concert.
I opened the door but there was no one at home.
It was a very clear day. We could see everything.

5.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
• We use a singular verb (глагол в ед.ч.) after an indefinite pronoun:
• Everybody loves Sally.
Everything was ready for the party.
• When we refer back to an indefinite pronoun, we normally use
a plural pronoun:
• Everybody enjoyed the concert. They stood up and clapped.
I will tell somebody that dinner is ready. They have been waiting a
long time.
In negative clauses, we use pronouns with no-, not pronouns
with any-:
• Nobody came. (NOT Anybody didn't come.)
We do not use another negative in a clause with nobody, no
one or nothing:
• Nobody came. (NOT Nobody didn't come.)
• Nothing happened. (NOT Nothing didn't happen.)

6.

7.

PRESENT SIMPLE.
Present Simple is used when:
1. Something is generally or always true, like a fact.
People need food.
It snows in every winter here.
2.
Similarly, we need to use this tense for a situation that we think is
more or less permanent (постоянный).
Where do you live?
She works in a bank.
3.
The next use is for habits (привычка) or things that we do regularly.
We often use adverbs of frequency, like ‘often’ (часто), ‘always’
(всегда), ‘sometimes’ (иногда), ‘every…’, ‘seldom’ (редко),
‘normally’ (обычно).
Do you smoke?
I play tennis every Tuesday.
I don't travel very often.

8.

PRESENT SIMPLE.
We also use the present simple to talk about:
1. something that is fixed (назначенный) in the
future:
The school term starts next week.
The train leaves at 19.45 this evening.
School begins at nine tomorrow.
2. Something in the future after time words like when
(когда), after (после) and before
(до) and after if (если) and unless (если не):
I'll talk to John when I see him.
You must finish your work before you go home.
If it rains we'll get wet.
He won't come unless you ask him.

9.

PRESENT SIMPLE.
• We use the base form of the verb, and add -s for the third person
singular.

10.

PRESENT SIMPLE.

11.

12.

PRESENT
CONTINUOUS.
The present continuous
is made from
the present tense of the
verb be and the –
ing form of a verb.

13.

THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS.
We use the Present Continuous to talk about:
1. activities at the moment of speaking:
I'm just leaving work. I'll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
2. an action that is going on during (во время) this
period of time or a trend:
Are you still working for the same company?
More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
3. an action or event (событие) in the future, which
has already been planned or prepared:
We're going on holiday tomorrow.
I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.

14.

THE USE OF THE PRESENT
CONTINUOUS.
We also use the Present Continuous to talk about:
1. something which we think is temporary:
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
I'm working in London for the next two weeks.
2. something which is new and contrasts with a previous
state:
These days most people are using email instead of writing
letters.
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays?
What sort of music are they listening to?
3. something which is changing, growing or developing:
The children are growing up quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.