Fears and phobias

1.

2.

Fears & Phobias

3.

Common fears
Heights
Thunderstorms
The dark
Spiders
Bees, wasps & snakes
Flying
Going to the dentist
Needles (injections)
Being alone
Taking exams
Making public speech
- What are you afraid
of?
- I’m afraid of heights.

4.

Brontophobia
Aviaphobia
Agoraphobia
Fears
and
Phobias
Arachnophobia
Xenophobia
Claustrophobia
Acrophobia
Mysophobia

5.

Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is a fear
of being in crowded
places or open spaces

6.

Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia is a fear
of being in enclosed spaces

7.

Aviophobia
Aviophobia is a fear
of flying

8.

Acrophobia

9.

Brontophobia

10.

Arachnophobia
Arachnophobia is
a fear of spiders

11.

Mysophobia
Mysophobia
Is a fear of being
contaminated

12.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia
Is a fear of
strangers

13.

IDIOMS
-
Scared to death
Have a long face
Go bright red
Be over the moon
Green with envy
Go through the roof
Have butterflies in the
stomach
- Зелёный от зависти
- Быть безумно
счастливым
- Краснеть от смущения
- Выглядеть несчастным
- Сильно нервничать
- Сильно разозлиться
- Напуганный до смерти

14.

Idioms

15.

How would you feel if
1. You got stuck in a lift?
2. You won the first prize in a
competition?
For example: I would feel
upset if I lost my key. – Я бы
чувствовал себя
расстроенным, если бы
потерял ключи.
Adjectives:
nervous
stressed
puzzled
embarrassed
happy
sad
worried
disappointed
troubled
relieved

16.

Try to match the sentences with the
Conditionals
1. If I have time, I would
learn Italian.
a) 0 - Zero Conditional
2. If the weather is fine, we
will go to the sea.
b) 1 – First Conditional
3. If I had gone to the
cinema, I would have
watched a new film.
c) 2 – Second Conditional
4. She comes at 7 am if she
works.
d) 3 – Third Conditional

17.

p.150, ex.1

18.

MODALS

19.

MODALS
Can- мочь, уметь
Must – должен
May – может быть
Should – следует
Have to – должен
Need – нуждаться

20.

Обязательство, долг , необходимость
(obligation, duty, necessity)
Must, Have to, Should, Ought to
• Must – долг (моральный), строгое
обязательство.
If the pain persists I must see a doctor.
• Have to – обусловленная обстоятельствами
необходимость.
The vet says we have to give some medicine to
our dog.
• Had to – форма прошедшего времени для
Must и Have to.
• Should/Ought to – рекомендация.
You should send her a card for her birthday.

21.

Отсутствие необходимости – the
lack of necessity (Don`t have
to/need to, needn`t)
• You don`t have to buy extra bread.
• You don`t need to tell them if you are leaving
earlier.
• She needn`t go on a diet.
• Для выражения отсутствия необходимости
в прошлом используют Didn`t have to
• They didn`t have to take them out to dinner.

22.

Разрешение/запрет permission/prohibition
(Can, May, Mustn`t, Can`t)
• Can, May –попросить, дать
разрешение на что-либо. May более
формален.
• Can/May I borrow your pen? Yes, you
can/may.
• Mustn`t/Can`t – запрещено что-либо
делать (правилами, законом).
• You mustn`t/can`t talk loudly in the
library.

23.

Возможность – possibility
Can, Could
• Can+ инфинитив - для обозначения общей
возможности действия. Не используется
для конкретной ситуации.
• It can get pretty cold up here.
• Could/May/Might +инфинитив – для
выражения возможности действия в
определенной ситуации.
• It might be cold today, so bring an extra
jumper.

24.

Способность/неспособность – ability/inability
(Can, Could, Was able to)
• Can – умение, способность сделать что-либо в
настоящем или будущем.
• He can perform magic tricks.
• Could – способность делать что-либо в
прошлом.
• She could walk longer hours when she was younger.
• Was(n`t) able to – (не)способность сделать чтолибо в прошлом.
• He wasn`t able to attend yesterday`s meeting.
• Couldn`t – неспособность выполнить действие в
прошлом.
• Daniel couldn`t swim when he was five.

25.

Критические замечания – critical
remarks
(Could, Should, Ought to)
• You could at least be polite to her. (настоящее
время)
• You could have waited for them to come.
(прошедшее время)
• He should be more patient
• She should have apologised to them.
• She ought to stop wasting her parents` money.

26.

Предложения - offers
Can, Would, Shall, Could.
Can I bring you something else?
What else would you like?
Shall I pick you up from work?
We can rent a DVD.
We could go on a picnic.

27.

Вероятность - probability
Will, Should, Ought to , Must.
• He will ask her to marry him. (100%
уверенность)
• They should/ought to be here soon.
(90% уверенность)
• She must be busy. (70%
уверенность)

28.

Совет - advice
Should, Ought to, Shall
• Should: совет общего характера
She should seek the help of a
professional
• Ought to: совет общего характера.
Everyone ought to recycle.
• Shall: просьба о совете.
Shall I complain to the manager?

29.

MODAL VERB
CANNOT- CAN’T
COULD NOT- COULDN’T
WILL- WON’T
WOULD- WOULDN’T
SHALL- SHAN’T
SHOULD-SHOULDN’T
MUST NOT- MUST NOT- MUSTN’T
OUGHT NOT- OUGHTN’T
NEED NOT- NEEDN’T

30.

1. I understand it very well. You ..… explain further.
a) shouldn’t
b) wouldn’t
c) mustn’t
d) needn’t

31.

2. I was surprised that she ..… say such rude words.
a) must
b) would
c) will
d) should

32.

3. I ….. rather stay at home than go out.
a)
b)
c)
d)
could
would
must
shall

33.

4. He is terribly fat. He ..… eat too much.
a) mustn’t
b) can’t
c) should
d) would

34.

5. ..… you wait a moment, please?
a) can
b) should
c) must
d) need

35.

6. If you want to become a teacher, you ….. go to
teachers training college for four years.
a) may
b) should
c) have to
d) must

36.

7. I ….. to sleep recently.
a) can’t
b) couldn’t
c) haven’t been able
d) mustn’t

37.

Put modal verbs into these sentences
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Interpreters … (may/must) translate without dictionaries.
(Can/May) I use me your bike for today?
(May/Could) you give me the recipe for this cake?
I hardly ever see Jane, she … (may/might) have moved to Africa.
Take an umbrella. It … (may/can) rain.
You … (could/should) stop smoking. You know you … (cannot/must not) buy
health.
You … (may/must) finish the article as soon as possible.
Liz doesn’t … (ought to/have to) keep to a diet anymore.
Lara … (can/might) get a playstation for her birthday.
You … (must not/needn’t) read in the dark.
My grandfather is retired, so he … (shouldn’t/doesn’t have to) go to work.
The fridge is full, so we … (must not/needn’t) go shopping.
Our employees … (can/must) sign this agreement.
We … (may/ought to) reserve a table in advance if we want to have dinner there.
Sorry, I’m late. I … (needed to/had to) wait for the plumber.

38.

Homework
1) p. 113, ex.6,7 (in writing)
2) write 10 sentences with modal verbs
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