Christiaan Eijkman

1.

— (1930–1858Christiaan Eijkman (
pathologist, studied beriberi
DOCTOR :- GAVRILOVA
TATIANA
NAME:- AHMED EZZAT
A2LC19GROUP :-

2.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian
Federation "Penza State University
Medical Institute
Department of History
Course work
History of Medicine
Topic: Christian Eijkmann
Done by Student: Ahmed Ezzat
Group: 19LC2 (a)
Controlled by: ass. Of History Department
The course paper defended with
Mark: ...........................
Teachers: ......................
Defense date: .....................
:

3.

Biography
,krekjiN ta ,1858August 11 Christiaan Eijkman was born on
eht ,namkjiE naaitsirhC fo dlihc htneves eht sa sdnalrehteN
siH .looP adilA annahoJ dna ,loohcs lacol a fo retsamdaeh
a osla saw (1915–1851( namkjiE kirederF nnahoJ rehtorb redle
.tsimehc
,madnaaZ ot devom ylimaf namkjiE eht ,1859A year later, in
dednuof ylwen a fo daeh detnioppa saw rehtaf sih erehw
noitacude yratnemele decnavda rof loohcs

4.

It was here that Christiaan and
his brothers received their early
gnikat retfa ,1875education. In
,snoitanimaxe yranimilerp sih
ta tneduts a emaceb namkjiE
fo loohcS lacideM yratiliM eht
,madretsmA fo ytisrevinU eht
a sa deniart saw eh erehw
eht rof reciffo lacidem
gnissap ,ymrA seidnI sdnalrehteN

5.

na saw eh ,1881to 1879 From
fo rosseforP ,ecalP .T fo tnatsissa
eh emit hcihw gnirud ,ygoloisyhP
fo noitaziraloP nO siseht sih etorw
sih mih deniag hcihw ,sevreN eht
no ,sruonoh htiw ,eerged larotcod
1883July 13

6.

Eijkman left the Netherlands for The Dutch East Indies, where ,1883 N
he was made medical officer of health, first in Semarang, then later
at Tjilatjap, a small village on the south coast of Java, and at
Padang Sidempoean in Northern Sumatra. It was at Tjilatjap that he
,1885caught malaria, which later so impaired his health that he, in
.evael-kcis no eporuE ot nruter ot dah
For Eijkman this was to prove a lucky event, as it enabled him to
s laboratory in Amsterdam, and also in Robert ’work in E. Forster
s bacteriological laboratory in Berlin; here he came into ’Koch
contact with C.A. Pekelharing and C. Winkler, who were visiting the
German capital before their departure to the Indies

7.

Eijkman was Director of the "Geneeskundig Laboratorium" (Medical Laboratory(
rebmun a edam eh emit taht gnirud dna ,1896March 4 to 1888 January 15 from
fo ygoloisyhp eht htiw lla fo tsrif tlaed esehT .sehcraeser tnatropmi tsom sih fo
fo rebmun a taht etartsnomed ot elba saw eH .snoiger laciport ni gnivil elpoep
snaeporuE fo doolb eht ni taht devorp eh yltsriF .sisab lautcaf on dah seiroeht
eht ,ytivarg cificeps eht ,selcsuproc der fo rebmun eht sciport eht ni gnivil
si doolb eht nehw tsael ta ,egnahc on ogrednu ,tnetnoc retaw eht dna ,mures
eht gnirapmoC .aimeana ot dael yletamitlu lliw hcihw esaesid yb detceffa ton
sciport eht ni taht dnuof eh ,evitan eht fo taht htiw naeporuE eht fo msilobatem
.tuo deirrac krow eht yb denrevog yleritne si siht ,enoz etarepmet eht ni llew sa
dna ,noitaripsrep ,msilobatem yrotaripser ni ytirapsid yna dnif eh dluoc rehtieN
snoitaluceps fo rebmun a ot dne na tup namkjiE suhT .noitaluger erutarepmet
otrehtih dah hcihw sciport eht ni snaeporuE fo noitazitamilcca eht no
.snoituacerp suoirav fo gnikat eht detatissecen

8.

Contribution to medicine
Eijkman had been sent to the Dutch East Indies to study beriberi, a
disease of the peripheral nerves, but his discovery of the cause was
accidental. He noticed the symptoms of beriberi in some chickens used
in his laboratory when their feed had been altered for a few months.
During that time, chickens in the laboratory had been fed leftover rice
from military rations, until a new cook refused to allow military rice to be
fed to civilian animals. Rice was then purchased from another source,
snekcihc eht taht shtnom eht gniruD [3and the birds soon recovered.[
eht nehw dna ,ecir dehsilop neeb dah deef eht ,irebireb depoleved
diet was switched back to unpolished rice, the birds recovered in ’sdrib
a few days. Eijkman surmised that polished rice lacked a dietary
component found in unpolished rice, and that beriberi was caused by
depriving the body of this component, which he called "the antiberiberi factor". Subsequently, Eijkman was able to prove that the
disease was not caused by blood contamination, respiratory
metabolism, perspiration, or seasonal or temperature variation. He

9.

Van Overbeek de Meyer, as .he became successor to G1898 In
Professor in Hygiene and Forensic Medicine at Utrecht. His inaugural
speech was entitled Over Gezondheid en Ziekten in Tropische
Gewesten (On health and diseases in tropical regions(. At Utrecht,
Eijkman turned to the study of bacteriology, and carried out his wellknown fermentation test, by means of which it can be readily
established if water has been polluted by human and animal
defecation containing coli bacilli. Another research was into the
rate of mortality of bacteria as a result of various external factors,
whereby he was able to show that this process could not be
represented by a logarithmic curve. This was followed by his
investigation of the phenomenon that the rate of growth of
bacteria on solid substratum often decreases, finally coming to a
s auxanographic method was applied on several ’halt. Beyerinck
occasions by Eijkman, as for example during the secretion of
enzymes which break down casein or bring about haemolysis,
whereby he could demonstrate the hydrolysis of fats under the
.influence of lipases

10.

detnioppa saw namkjiE ,1907In
sdnalrehteN layoR eht fo rebmeM
,secneicS dna strA fo ymedacA
tnednopserroC neeb gnivah retfa
hctuD ehT [4[.1895 ecnis
mih nopu derrefnoc tnemnrevoG
,doohthgink fo sredro lareves
eht fo noisacco eht no saerehw
th anniversary of his 25
professorship a fund was
established to enable the
awarding of the Eijkman Medal.
But the crown of all his work was
the award of the Nobel Prize in
.1929
Awards and Legacy
Eijkman was holder of the John
Scott Medal, Philadelphia, and
foreign associate of the National
Academy of Sciences in
Washington. He was also honorary
fellow of the Royal Sanitary Institute
.in London

11.

Conclusion
ot erutraped sih erofeb ,1883In
ejtlaA deirram namkjiE ,seidnI eht
ni deid ohw ,amedE nav iregiW
namkjiE rosseforP ,aivataB nI .1886
nav esiuoL eiluJ ahtreB deirram
reteiP ,nos a ;1888 ni pmeK red
a emaceb ohw ,kirdneH
.1890 ni nrob saw ,naicisyhp