Северная Ирландия

1. СЕВЕРНАЯ ИРЛАНДИЯ

Made by:
Uvarov Savelyi, 6С
Project Manager:
Kislaya D.O.

2. Symbols of Ireland

The modern flag of Ireland consists of white, orange and
green colors. White color is a symbol of peace between the
Irish, who symbolized the green color, and the English
companions of William III of England.
The Kladdah symbol personifies love bonds, friendship and
loyalty. It is believed that the right hand here symbolizes the
father of the Celtic gods named Dagda, and the left hand the goddess mother Anu. There is a belief that the crown in
the middle is the embodiment of the Celtic spirit Biachail.
Celtic Cross - This symbol is a variation of the traditional
Christian cross. They say that St. Patrick combined the
Christian cross with the solar cross, which the pagans used,
and the result was a Celtic cross.
The trefoil is a three-leaf clover that grows everywhere in
Ireland. It is believed that St. Patrick, the patron saint of
Ireland, used a shamrock to spread Christianity in the
country, since the three leaves of this plant personify the
Holy Trinity.
The legend of the Leprechaun and his pot is known all over
the world. Leprechaun is a magical character of traditional
Irish folklore. He is a famous lover of various jokes and
pranks.
In ancient times, the Irish loved to entertain guests playing
the harp. Since then, this musical instrument has become
one of the most beloved symbols of Ireland.

3. Castles

Stunningly beautiful Ireland is famous not only for its
wonderful natural landscapes, but also for its numerous
castles, whose history is inextricably linked with the history
of the country, its sorrows and joys. Virtually every
medieval castle in Ireland is covered with mystical charm,
in its history there are a lot of mysteries and secrets,
sometimes creepy and paranormal.
Ireland is the country where there are many haunted
castles - the shadows of the bloody past and still remind
living people about themselves. A lot of these ancient
castles in our days have become castle-hotels or museums,
and yet, they retained a share of mystery and mystery.
Some of the most famous castles are: Ashford, Manderley,
Blarney, Bunratty, Belfast, McDermott Island Castle, King
John Landless Castle in Limerick.

4. Lakes and rivers

Reservoirs play an important role in the life of the country - they support the
development of navigation, are used for hydropower generation, are the
source of many natural resources.
In Ireland, rivers and lakes form a large network, sometimes interspersed with
swamps. Rivers do not freeze even during cold periods.
Shannon - the longest river in Ireland, its length is 368 kilometers. It extends
from the western part of the country to the southeast. The basin area is more
than 15 thousand km², and the water consumption is 200 m³ / s. Shannon
takes its origin in the mountains of Kilkaf, the height at the hill is small, and
the source is located at a height of 76 meters. Shannon ends in county of
Limerick. The reservoir has many tributaries, the main - the rivers Sak and
Brosna.
Lough Derg is one of the largest lakes in Ireland. Its coastline is 179
kilometers, and the total area is 129 km². The average depth is 7.6 meters,
and the highest recorded - 24 meters. Through the Lough Derg passage is the
largest river Shanon, falling from the northern part and flowing from the
south, so the lake has an elongated oblong shape.

5. National parks and reserves

In Ireland, the nature and ecology of the country is considered a
property, so they are doing everything possible to preserve the unique
landscape. There are six nature reserves and national parks in this
country. They are protected by the state, and one of them was a
candidate for the UNESCO heritage list.
Killarney National Park in Ireland, located near the town of the same
name, covers more than 10 thousand hectares of pristine land. The
uniqueness of Killarney National Park is explained not only by the
picturesque views, but also by the huge number of rare species of
wildlife.
Ballikroy in County Mayo was founded in 1998. It was created to preserve
the landscapes of mountains and lowland marshes in the north-west of
Ireland.
Glenway County Donegal covers an area of 110 square meters. km Its
main attraction is the eponymous castle, which, according to the author,
was supposed to surpass Balmoral, the Scottish residence of the Queen
of England.
Connemara in Galway County, founded in 1980, was created to preserve
landscapes of the same geographical area. The peculiarity of the reserve
is the megalithic burial places, created 4 thousand years ago.
Wicklow Mountains National Park in Ireland is located in the south-east
of the country. Tourists are interested in the park not only because of
the flora and fauna, but also because of the ancient monastery of
Glendalough, as well as the highest waterfall in Ireland - Powerscourt.

6. The stone desert of the Burren

•The
stone desert of the Burren in Ireland - huge slabs of
limestone scattered over a vast territory, boulders and
stone megaliths.
•The
name Burren is related to the Irish word "buron"
and is translated as "rocky place".
•At
first glance, this place may seem lifeless, since it
looks like the surface of the Moon and looks like
something foreign to Ireland. And this place, which is
covered with limestone and full of ancient tombs from
prehistoric times, has an extraterrestrial atmosphere.
•Tourists
most often visit a cave called Elui. It contains
traces of a drilling bear that disappeared a thousand
years ago. Elui adorns the presence of many bizarre
stalagmites, stalactites and other natural masterpieces.
•Fortresses
and ruined castles, built in the Middle Ages,
also add interest to the surrounding area of the park.

7. Dundrum Castle

Dundrum Castle is located in County Down in
Northern Ireland. Originally called Rath (Eng.
Castle of Rath), and the modern name was only
in the XVI century.
Dundrum was built by the famous Norman knight
John de Courcy, who invaded Ireland around
1171, subjugated the local clans and proclaimed
himself Count of Ulster. The castle is located on
top of a hill and faces the south side of the
Dundrum valley and the picturesque mountain
range of Morne. Dundrum was originally a motte
and bailey fortress - that is, a wooden building
on a bulkhead surrounded by a palisade — but
probably around 1180, instead of a palisade, a
stone wall was built.

8. Carrick-a-Reid bridge

Carrick-a-Reid - a rope bridge, stretched
from the Northern Irish coast of the Irish Sea
to the island of Carrick, located just twenty
meters from the coast.
Initially, this bridge was used by local
fishermen who fished from Carrick Island.
Now it is a major attraction, which is visited
by up to a quarter of millions of tourists
annually.
The modern bridge was built in 2008: the
construction using high-strength cables and
spruce trees, capable of supporting a weight
of up to ten thousand tons, cost 16 thousand
pounds.

9. Fanad Head Lighthouse

The construction of this lighthouse began
after the tragic shipwreck in 1804. It was
originally a mechanical lighthouse, but
the work of art was transformed into an
electric one in 1975. Fanad Head
Lighthouse offers breathtaking views of
the Fened Peninsula and its amazing
rocky coast.
The lighthouse, located on Cape Fanad,
was not on the same camera. Pictures of
this place attract in any weather and in
any light.
The photos of this place have so many
details that publishers in printing houses
often choose the images of the
lighthouse on Cape Fanad for the
manufacture of puzzles.

10. Tori Island

Tori Island is located 15 kilometers off the
northwestern coast of Ireland in the province of
Donegal. The name of the island is derived from
the Celtic "Thoraigh", which means the
watchtower.
According to Celtic mythology, the island was a
fortress of the Fomorians - mythical creatures
representing the forces of evil. These were oneeyed giants with one arm and an ugly-looking
foot. Interestingly, descriptions of such
creatures are present in the legends of other
nations, such as Scandinavians or Greeks.
There are many Celtic legends associated with
the island, the most famous story is about a
princess who lived in a tower of glass erected on
the island.
There are only two villages on the island: West
town (West City) and East town (East City)
Of the ancient buildings on the island is
preserved ancient watchtower, dated X century.

11. Dark Alley

Dark Alley is a popular natural landmark of Ireland.
In the northern part of the country, near the small
village of Armoy, there is one of the most mystical
and mysterious wonders of nature. The dark dead
end is shrouded in legends and tales of incredible
encounters in its depths.
Beech alley appeared in County Atrim in the 18th
century. Then it was not yet dark and dark. The
family of the Stuarts who lived in this area did not
even assume that the trees planted on the sides of
the road Bregai Road would grow to such an extent
over the decades that they would intertwine in an
alley.
Sunlight penetrates weakly inside. The crowns of the
trees form a tunnel that has mystic power. Beech
trees have been guarding the road to the unknown
for more than three centuries.
The locals, with anxiety and sinking hearts, tell
stories to each other and tourists about the spirit of
a strange woman who is often seen floating in the
doorway of the Dark Tunnel or near it. It is said that
this is the maid who was abducted from the house of
Stuarts, who lost her life under mysterious
circumstances.
Interestingly, some episodes of the series "Game of
Thrones" were filmed in Ireland, in the Dark Alley.

12. Irish cuisine

•As
a rule, Ireland is associated with coffee, Irish
stews and potatoes. Of course, beer is traditional for
Irish cuisine.
•One
of the main national traditions in the cuisine of
Ireland - the love of meat, vegetables and bread.
The main requirement - the food must be satisfying,
this is due to the difficult climatic conditions in
which it is necessary to survive.
•A
typical breakfast dish is black pudding, which
resembles blood sausage to taste, with the addition
of oats, barley and animal blood.
•The
Irish have come up with a huge number of
recipes from potatoes. The most popular: boksti
(pancakes from potatoes), champ (mashed potatoes,
whipped with milk), kolkannon (mashed potatoes
with the addition of cabbage). If you need to quickly
satisfy your hunger, they prefer Fish & Chips, a fish
with fries.
•The
list of national dishes includes a variety of
snacks. Dulce is a product that can be bought at
health food stores. These are algae that are dried in
the sun, ground and added to the first courses. They
are also fried or baked under cheese sauce.

13. St. Patrick's Day

The main holiday of the Irish is not Christmas, not Easter, but
St. Patrick's Day, which is the patron saint of all Irish people.
Saint Patrick founded the Irish church and drove out the
druids and worship of the pagan gods from the "emerald
island." Preserved legend, as of sv. Patrick expelled all
mosquitoes, wolves and snakes. He ordered all the bastards
of Ireland to assemble on the Croagh Patrick mountain, and
then threw them into the sea.
Legends tell how St. Patrick crossdid the magic stone of the
Druids with a circle. The pagan circle connected with the
Latin cross, with complex patterns, runic script, beasts,
birds, geometric patterns, and became a symbol of
Christianity in Ireland. There are 60 crosses that marked the
borders of monasteries and parishes from the 8th-12th
centuries.
On St. Patrick's Day, March 17th, the whole world changes to
green and becomes Irish. Schoolchildren are allowed to knock
someone who did not come in green clothes, but adults to
have fun at parties with music and dance, in which ale and 16
Guinness beers flow like water. At the celebration, you can
meet 60-centimeter fairy leprechauns, always wearing green
clothes and a hat, who drink moonshine and smoke, and at
other times sew new shoes for fairies and hide the found gold
coins in pots at the very end of the rainbow.

14. Sports in Ireland

Traditional Irish sports are governed by the GEL
Athletic Association, the largest organization of nonprofessional athletes in Ireland, uniting 2,500 divisions
and 800,000 non-professional athletes. The main task
of the association is the development and
popularization of such sports as Gaelic football,
Hurling, Kamogi, Gaelic handball and Gaelic lapta.
Hurling is a mixture of field hockey and rugby. They
are played by two teams of 15 people, called “hurlers”
(hurlers), each of which has a stick “hurley” (hurley).
The task is to score a small ball called “sliotar” at the
opponent’s goal. Slitar can be caught by hand and
carry it in your hand, but not more than four steps.
Hurling is considered the fastest among team sports.
They play it almost exclusively in Ireland, there are
several teams outside it, but they are almost entirely
made up of players of Irish descent. There is a female
version of the game called Kamogi.
The history of Hurling is ancient than the history of
Ireland. This game was brought with them by the Celts,
thus, it is already more than 2000 years old. Already in
the 5th century in the law book of Ireland, punishment
was imposed for the death or personal injury of people
with the help of clubs or Hurling balls.

15. Entertainment in Ireland

•Dog
Racing - one of the most popular entertainment
in Ireland. They can not only enjoy the fight for first
place, but also try to win something by making a bet.
•"Brewery
at the gates of St. James" - the same plant
where they brew the world famous dark beer
Guinness. This is truly a cult place. Here is the house
of Arthur Guinness, the founder of the company and
its museum, which is located in a seven-story
building. The first floors of the building are devoted
to souvenirs, the history of the company, beer tasting,
and at the very top is the Gravity Bar, from whose
windows a stunning view of the city opens.
•The
Ring of Kerry is a popular tourist route that runs
through the county of Kerry. On the route route with a
length of 166 kilometers, you can find a huge number
of tourist attractions: Ross Castle, Lake Killarney, Tork
Falls, St. Mary’s Church and much more.
•The
Cliffs of Moher is one of the most popular
attractions in Ireland. Their height is more than 200
meters and the rocks stretch for 8 km in length,
hanging over the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. This
place will appeal to fans of Harry Potter, because it
was here that scenes for the last movie were filmed.
•Galway
is the cultural capital of Ireland, one of those
few large Irish cities where you can still hear Gaelic
(Celtic) language, participate in national holidays.

16. Interesting Facts

In all the world, it is believed that all Irish are red,
but in fact people who have natural copper hair color
and funny freckles are only 9% of the total population
of the country.
Most of the names in the country begin with “Mac” or
“O’ ”, which means“ son ”and“ vnyk ”. In the Russian
transcription it would have sounded like this Semyon, son of Peter, grandson of Egor.?
The native language of the Irish is, respectively, the
Irish (Gaelic) language, but only 380 thousand people
of the country speak it fluently, and 1.6 million say
they know their native language. ?
In 1745, in the city of Dublin, the Rotunda Hospital
began to function, in which, in addition to the
provision of medical services, childbirth also took
place. Today it is the oldest maternity hospital in the
world.?
Ireland produces a quarter of all computers of the
total number produced in the European Union.
The huge "Titanik", which, according to the creators,
was unsinkable, but still sank, was assembled at a
shipyard in Ireland.
Most shops are closed on Sundays, and in the future,
many of them open at 12 o'clock in the afternoon,
and stop serving customers at 6 pm. Only Thursday is
considered to be a “long” day, when the doors of
stores are open until 9 o'clock in the evening.

17. Famous Irish

1.
Bono - real name Paul David Hewson. Born May 10,
1960 in Dublin. Bono is an Irish singer, musician and
humanist, best known as the vocalist of the super
popular Irish band U2.
2.
Colin Farrell was born on May 31, 1976 in Dublin. The
actor starred in such films as "Miami Police",
"Minority Report", "Telephone Box", "Recruit" and
"Alexander".
3.
Liam Nilsson was born on June 7, 1952 in the city of
Ballymena, County Antrim. The actor played Oscar
Schindler in the film "Schindler's List", Alfred Kinsey
in the movie "Kinsey" and Qui-Gon Jinn in the movie
"Star Wars. Episode I: The Hidden Threat. ”
4.
Jonathan Swift (1667 - 1745)? Author of the famous
novel "Gulliver's Travels"
5.
Louis de Brock is one of the most famous Irish artists
and illustrators (he became the only painter in the
history of the country, whose works were included in
the collection of the National Art Gallery of Ireland
during his lifetime) was born in Dublin in 1916.
6.
Jacqueline Kennedy - the wife of the 35th US
President John F. Kennedy and the first lady from
1961 to 1963.
7.
James Hoban (1762 - 1831) - an American architect
who was a designer and builder of the White House
in Washington.