Amphetamine Psychosis

1. Amphetamine Psychosis

Kryuchkova Alexandra

2.

Amphetamine psychosis- is
a psychosis symptom which
involves hallucinations, paranoia,
and/or delusions and typically
occurs following an overdose
on amphetamine
Drugs in the class of
amphetamines, or substituted
amphetamines, are known to
induce "amphetamine psychosis"
typically when chronically abused
or used in high doses.
Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W. "Treatment
for amphetamine psychosis (Review)".
Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews. 2009:
Amphetamine
psychosis

3.

This problem is relevant
because many people
currently use stimulants.
Amphetamine is one of
the most inexpensive and
affordable, dependence
on amphetamine
develops very quickly.
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE,
Holtzman DM (2015). "Chapter 16:
Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders".
Molecular Neuropharmacology: A
Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience
(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill
Medical. ISBN 9780071827706.

4.

Amphetamine (contracted from alphamethylphenethylamine) is a potent central
nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used
in the treatment of attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy,
and obesity. Amphetamine Amphetamine
was discovered in 1887 and exists as
two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dex
troamphetamine
Historically, it has been used to treat nasal
congestion and depression. Amphetamine is
also used as an athletic performance
enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and
recreationally as
an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is
a prescription drug in many countries, and
unauthorized possession and distribution of
amphetamine are often tightly controlled
due to the significant health risks associated
with recreational use
BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12: 221. Published online 2012 Dec 5. doi: [10.1186/1471244X-12-221]PMCID: PMC3554477PMID: 23216941

5. Side Effects of Amphetamine

Physical
At normal therapeutic doses, the physical side effects of amphetamine vary widely by
age and from person to person. Cardiovascular side effects can
include hypertension or hypotension from a vasovagal response, Raynaud's
phenomenon (reduced blood flow to the hands and feet), and tachycardia (increased
heart rate). Sexual side effects in males may include erectile dysfunction, frequent
erections, or prolonged erections. Abdominal side effects may include abdominal
pain, appetite loss, nausea, and weight loss. Other potential side effects
include blurred vision, dry mouth, excessive grinding of the teeth, nosebleed, profuse
sweating, rhinitis medicamentosa (drug-induced nasal congestion), reduced seizure
threshold, and tics (a type of movement disorder).[sources 5]Dangerous physical side
effects are rare at typical pharmaceutical doses.
Cerimele, J. M.; A. P. Stern; D. Jutras-Aswad (September 2010).
"Psychosis following excessive ingestion of energy drinks in a patient
with schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry.

6. Side Effects of Amphetamine

Psychological
produce aggressive behavior or hostility. At normal therapeutic doses,
the most common psychological side effects of amphetamine include
increased alertness, apprehension, concentration, initiative, selfconfidence, and sociability, mood swings (elated mood followed by
mildly depressed mood), insomnia or wakefulness, and decreased
sense of fatigue.Less common side effects include anxiety, change
in libido, grandiosity, irritability, repetitive or obsessive behaviors, and
restlessness; these effects depend on the user's personality and current
mental state.Amphetamine psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) can
occur in heavy users. Although very rare, this psychosis can also occur
at therapeutic doses during long-term therapy. According to the USFDA,
"there is no systematic evidence" that stimulants
Cerimele, J. M.; A. P. Stern; D. Jutras-Aswad (September 2010).
"Psychosis following excessive ingestion of energy drinks in a patient
with schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry.

7.

The symptoms of
amphetamine psychosis
include auditory and visual
hallucinations,
grandiosity, delusions of
persecution, and delusions of
reference concurrent with
both clear consciousness and
prominent extreme
agitation.[Furthermore, even
at a small dose, the
psychosermis can be quickly
reestablished. Psychosocial
stress has been found to be an
independent risk factor for
psychosis relapse even
without further substituted
amphetamine use in certain
cases.
McIver C, McGregor C, Baigent M, Spain D,
Newcombe D, Ali R. Guidelines for the
medical management of patients with
methamphetamine-induced
psychosis. Drug and Alcohol Services: South
Australia 2006

8.

The symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis are very similar to those of the acute phase of schizophrenia although in
amphetamine psychosis visual hallucinations are more common and thought disorder is rare. Amphetamine psychosis may be
purely related to high drug usage, or high drug usage may trigger an underlying vulnerability to schizophrenia.[4] There is some
evidence that vulnerability to amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia may be genetically related. Relatives of
methamphetamine users with a history of amphetamine psychosis are five times more likely to have been diagnosed with
schizophrenia than relatives of methamphetamine users without a history of amphetamine psychosis.[12] The disorders are often
distinguished by a rapid resolution of symptoms in amphetamine psychosis, while schizophrenia is more likely to follow a chronic
course.
Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University
Press. p. 329.

9.

Treatment consists of supportive
care during the acute intoxication
phase: maintaining hydration,
body temperature, blood
pressure, and heart rate at
acceptable levels until the drug is
sufficiently metabolized to allow
vital signs to return to
baseline. Typical and atypical
antipsychotics have been shown
to be helpful in the early stages
of treatment.[4] This is followed
by abstinence from
psychostimulants supported with
counseling or medication
designed to assist the individual
preventing a relapse and the
resumption of a psychotic state

10.

Further, after a person comes to his senses, one should turn to a rehabilitation
center for the help of psychologists who, at various group and individual
classes, trainings, seminars, lectures, will convey to the person the harm of
using narcotic substances and form an aversion to such substances in
consciousness, also the fact that in life there is a lot of beautiful and
interesting and without the use of various harmful drugs.

11.

THANCK YOU FOR ATTENTION!