Protocols

1. Protocols

12.7.4.

2.

• Address - The unique number ID assigned to
one host or interface in a network.
• Subnet - A portion of a network that shares a
particular subnet address.
• Subnet mask - A 32-bit combination used to
describe which portion of an address refers to
the subnet and which part refers to the host.
• Interface - A network connection.

3. IP address

• An IP address is an address used in order to
uniquely identify a device on an IP network. The
address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can
be divisible into a network portion and host
portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32
binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8
bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and
separated by a period (dot). For this reason, an IP
address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal
format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in
each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or
00000000 - 11111111 binary.

4.

5. Types of protocols

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - This was one of the
first Internet services developed and it allows
users to move files from one computer to
another.
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - transfers a
hyper text between two or more computers.
• Post office Protocol (POP) - used to receive
incoming E-mail .
• Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) - used
for sending and distributing outgoing E-Mail .

6. Secure protocols

• HTTPS - HTTPS is a URL scheme that indicates
secure http, which by default uses TCP port
443 rather than port 80 used by http.
• FTPS - is an extension to the commonly
used File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds
support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS)
and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
cryptographic protocols.

7.

• Secure Socket Layers (SSL)- This
cryptographic protocol provides secure
communication over the Internet when using
applications such as web browsers, e-mail and
instant messaging.
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) - This protocol
is the successor to SSL and essentially provides
the same functionality.

8.

• https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs
/ip/routing-information-protocol-rip/137883.html