Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

1. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of
society. Standards in the feld of ICT

2. Course Overview

• The course provides an overview of the major conceptual paradigms of
Informaton and Communicaton Technologies, from their theoretcal
foundatons to practcal implementaton
• Topics will include
Architecture of Computer Systems
Operatng systems and sofware
Network technologies and telecommunicatons
ICTs in the professional feld
Perspectve trends of ICTs
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3. Lecture 1

• Overview of Today’s Lecture
• Defniton of ICoT. The subject of ICoT and its objectves
• The role of ICoT in key sectors of the development of
society
• Standards in the feld of ICoT
• Internet of the future. Coontent technologies and
informaton management
• Coybersecurity.
3

4. What technologies?

•What do you understand by Informaton
and Coommunicaton Technologies?
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5. Defining ICTs

Defning ICTs
• Standard defnitons:
• ICT (information and communications technology - or
technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any
communication device or application,
• encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones,
computer and network hardware and software,
satellite systems and so on, as well as the various
services and applications associated with them, such
as videoconferencing and distance learning.
• ICTs are often spoken of in a particular context, such
as ICTs in education, health care, or libraries.
(techtarget.com)
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6. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society

• Telecommunications
• ICT in Education
• ICT in Public Sector Management
• ICT in Health
• ICT in Agriculture and Food Security
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7. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society Telecommunications

• Telecommunicaton is the transmission of signs,
signals, messages, words, writngs, images and
sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio,
optcal or other electromagnetc systems.
• Telecommunicaton take place when the exchange of
informaton between communicaton partcipants
includes the use of technology. It is transmited
either electrically over physical media, such as cables,
or via electromagnetc radiaton
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8. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society ICT in Education

ICoT can improve the efciency and quality of
educaton at all levels. Part of ICoT's strategy to
support its educaton policy principles is promotng
"experimentaton with, and disseminaton of,
innovatve strategies and technologies in
educaton." This involves developing appropriate eapplicatons to help of learning and teaching
propagation, spread, distribution
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9. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society ICT in Public Sector Management

E-government is the use of ICT to promote more
efcient and cost-efectve government, facilitate
more convenient government services, allow
greater public access to informaton, and make
government more transparent and accountable to
citiens
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10. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society ICT in Health

ICoT can be a powerful tool for improving health and
related services. ICoTs projects are helping to
improve disseminaton of public health informaton,
bridge the gap in consultaton, diagnosis, and
treatment between resource-rich and resourcepoor hospitals, facilitate learning, enhance the
ability to monitor diseases and other health issues,
and make health administraton more efcient
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11. The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society ICT in Agriculture and Food Security

ICoT eforts are raising agricultural productvity and
the quality of life of farmers and the rural poor by
improving informaton fows, communicaton, and
access to reliable, up-to-date informaton. This
enables strategic decision-making by farmers and
prevents or mitgates losses caused by natural
disasters
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12. Standards in the ICT field

• Applicaton and administraton
• Scoping requirements
• Functonal Performance Coriteria
• Hardware
• Platorms and Applicatons
• Documentaton and Support Services
You can fnd full informaton about standards ICoT in here:
Informaton and Coommunicaton Technology (ICoT) Standards and Guidelines (US)
htps://www.access-board.gov/atachments/artcle/490/draf-rule.pdf
Development of ten standards for ICoT feld (Qaiaqstan)
htps://ierde.gov.ki/en/press/news/Development-of-ten-standards-for-ICoT-feld/-hcqEE
12
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13. A new generation of components and systems

• ICoT1 – 2016: Smart Coyber-Physical Systems
• ICoT2 – 2016: Thin, Organic and Large Area
Electronics
• ICoT3 – 2016: SSI – Smart System Integraton
• ICoT4 – 2017: Smart Anything Everywhere Initatve
• ICoT5 – 2017: Coustomiied and low energy computng
• ICoT6 – 2016: Coloud Coomputng
htp://
www.hermes-europe.net/fles/horiion-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-c
hallenges-vnov12a.pdf
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14. Smart Cyber-Physical Systems

• The challenge is to design, programme and
implement highly distributed and connected digital
technologies that are embedded in a multtude of
increasingly autonomous physical systems with
various dynamics and satsfying multple critcal
constraints including safety, security, power
efciency, high performance, siie and cost.
htp://
www.hermes-europe.net/fles/horiion-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-c
hallenges-vnov12a.pdf
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15. CPS: Computing Perspective

• Two types of computing systems
– Desktops, servers, PCs, and
notebooks
– Embedded
– Millions in desktops
– Billions in embedded processors
• The next frontier
– Main frame computing (60’s-70’s)
• Large computers to execute big
data processing applications
– Desktop computing & Internet (80’s90’s)
• One computer at every desk to do
business/personal activities
– Embedded computing (21st
Century)
• “Invisible” part of the
environment
• Transformation of industry
Number of microprocessor
units per year
Applications:
– Automotive Systems
• Light and heavy automobiles,
trucks, buses
– Aerospace Systems
• Airplanes, space systems
– Consumer electronics
• Mobile phones, office electronics,
digital appliances
– Health/Medical Equipment
• Patient monitoring, MRI, infusion
pumps, artificial organs
– Industrial Automation
• Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) systems for
chemical and power plants
• Manufacturing systems
– Defense
• Source of superiority in all
weapon systems
Coyber-Physical Systems
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16. CPS: Systems Perspective

Sectors
Transportation
Defense
Energy and
Industrial
Automation
Opportunities
Aircraft that fly faster and further on
less energy. Air traffic control
systems that make more efficient
use of airspace.
Automobiles that are more capable
and safer but use less energy.
More capable defense systems;
defense systems that make better use
of networked fleets of autonomous
vehicles.
New and renewable energy sources.
Homes, office, buildings and
vehicles that are more energy
efficient and cheaper to operate.
Coyber-Physical Systems
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17. CPS Definition

CPS Defnition
A CPS is a system in which:
informaton processing and physical processes are so
tghtly integrated that it is not possible to identfy
whether behaviors are the result of computatons,
physical laws, or both working together
where functonality and salient system characteristcs
are emerging through the interacton of physical and
computatonal objects
Coyber-Physical Systems
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18.

Transformation of Industries:
Health Care and Medicine
• Natonal Health Informaton Network, Electronic Patent
Record initatve
• Medical records at any point of service
• Hospital, OR, ICoU, …, EMT?
• Home care: monitoring and control
• Pulse oximeters (oxygen saturaton), blood glucose
monitors, infusion pumps (insulin), accelerometers (falling,
immobility), wearable networks (gait analysis), …
• Operatng Room of the Future (Goldman)
• Colosed loop monitoring and control; multple treatment
statons, plug and play devices; robotc microsurgery
(remotely guided?)
• System coordinaton challenge
• Progress in bioinformatcs: gene, protein expression;
systems biology; disease dynamics, control mechanisms
Images thanks to Dr. Julian Goldman, Dr. Fred Pearce
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19.

Transformation of Industries:
Electric Power Grid
• Current picture:
• Equipment protecton devices trip locally,
reactvely
• Coascading failure: August (US/Coanada) and
October (Europe), 2003
• Beter future?
• Real-tme cooperatve control of protecton
devices
• Or -- self-healing -- (re-)aggregate islands of
stable bulk power (protecton, market
motves)
• Ubiquitous green technologies
• Issue: standard operatonal control concerns
exhibit wide-area characteristcs (bulk power
stability and quality, fow control, fault
isolaton)
• Coontext: market (tming?) behavior, power
routng transactons, regulaton
Images thanks to William H. Sanders, Bruce Krogh, and Marija Ilic
IT Layer
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20. SSI – Smart System Integration

• The challenge is to be able to develop and
manufacture smart objects and systems that closely
integrate sensors, actuators, innovatve MEMS,
processing power, embedded memory and
communicaton capabilites, all optmiiing the use
of supply power. This will require technology
breakthroughs notably in integraton,
miniaturiiaton with additonal functonalites and
mastering complexity.
Microelectromechanical systems
htp://
www.hermes-europe.net/fles/horiion-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-c
hallenges-vnov12a.pdf
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21. Customized and low energy computing

• Informaton and Coommunicaton Technologies are
becoming a core component of products in all
market sectors.
• The trend towards “Smart Anything Everywhere”
must be supported by innovatons allowing a very
signifcant reducton of the cost and complexity of
sofware development for modern architectures,
and of the energy footprint of computaton and
communicaton.
• Sofware development is the key challenge, because
current programming tools do not fully support
emerging system architectures.
htp://
www.hermes-europe.net/fles/horiion-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-c
hallenges-vnov12a.pdf
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22. What is Cloud Computing?

• Cloud Computng is a general term used to describe a new
class of network based computng that takes place over the
Internet,
• basically a step on from Utlity Coomputng
• a collecton/group of integrated and networked hardware,
sofware and Internet infrastructure (called a platorm).
• Using the Internet for communicaton and transport
provides hardware, sofware and networking services to
clients
• These platorms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applicatons by
providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applicatons
Programming Interface).
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23. What is Cloud Computing?

• In additon, the platorm provides on demand
services, that are always on, anywhere, anytme and
any place.
• Pay for use and as needed, elastc
• scale up and down in capacity and functonalites
• The hardware and sofware services are available to
• general public, enterprises, corporatons and businesses
markets
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24. Cloud Architecture

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25. Do you Use the Cloud?

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26. The Cloud Requires

An Internet connecton
An account - Coreated with a user name and a
password
Agree to Terms
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27. Computer Storage

Coomputers have internal or hard drive storage(Co:
Drive)
CoPU has a drive for storing programs, documents,
pictures, videos, presentatons, etc…
Standard Computer
Tower or Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
Inside the Computer
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28. Internal Storage

Coontent is stored on THAT computer
To use content must return to THAT computer
Coannot access this content from another device or
computer
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29. Programs

Purchase programs
Load to the computer
Each computer would need the program loaded
and stored on the internal drive
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30. External Storage

Allows your content to become mobile
Save to the storage device
Take device to any compatble computer
Open and use content
CD/DVD
Thumb Drive
SD Card
External Hard Drive
Micro SD
Card
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31. Networked Storage

Multple work statons talk to one unit that stores
informaton and data.
Data is not saved to the Co: drive, but to a network
drive
Coan retrieve the data stored to the network from
any of the connected workstatons.
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32. Saving documents

When you do a “save as” on your computer, you
choose where to save the material.
Internal Storage
External
Storage
Network
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33. Cloud Storage

Coreate an Account – User
name and password
Coontent lives with the
account in the cloud
Log onto any computer with
Wi-Fi to fnd your content
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34. Downloads for storage

Download a cloud based app to a computer you
own
The app lives on your Coomputer
Save fles to the app
When connected to the Internet it will sync with
the cloud
The Coloud can be accessed from any Internet
connecton
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35. Save file as

Save fle as
Do “save as” to save a fle to your computer and
the cloud
The syncing folders makes data retrieval easier
Box and DropBox require this download to work
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36. Upload Documents

Log-in to the online storage account
Colick upload a fle
Find the fle on hard drive, network, or external
storage
Upload to cloud storage
2 GB
5 GB
7 GB
5 GB
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37. Document Creation

Google Docs
SkyDrive
Box
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38. Internet is required

Coreaton is happening in the cloud
Saving is going to the cloud
To retrieve fles, must return to the cloud
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39. Other Software services

Photo editng sofware
Online banking apps
Social media apps
Coommunicaton
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40. Programming

Group of instructons that directs a computer is called an
program
No computer can do anything without a program or
Computer cannot do anything without a program
A programming language is a formal computer language
designed to communicate instructons to a machine,
partcularly a computer. Programming languages can be
used to create programs to control the behavior of a
machine or to express algorithms.
The person contributng the idea of the stored program
was John von Neumann
The language that the computer can understand and
execute is called Machine language
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41. Programming

Programs designed to perform specifc tasks is
called known as Applicaton sofware
Multprogramming system execute more jobs in
the same tme period
Device driver type of program allows
communicaton between a peripheral device, such
as a mouse or printer, and the rest of the computer
system
PASCAL is the computer program language which is
widely used in computer science and engineering
and also in business
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42. Programming

The process of writng computer instructons in a
programming language is known as Coding
A computer program consists of Algorithms writen
in computer's language
A computer program that converts an entre
program into machine language at one tme is
called a compiler
The purpose of an applicaton program is to meet
specifc user needs
Programmed instructons to the computer is
known as code
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43. Programming

Personnel who design, program, operate and
maintain computer equipment refers to Peopleware
A step-by-step procedure used to solve a problem is
called Algorithm
A prewriten program that's sold to perform a
common task is called an applicaton Package
A computer program that instructs other programs
to perform a partcular type of operaton is System
sofware
A acronym for the organiiaton that publishes
programming language standard is ANSI
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44. ICT in Industrial Leadership

1.
2.
3.
Coomponents and systems
Smart embedded components and systems, micro-nano-bio systems,
organic electronics, large area integraton, systems of systems and complex
system engineering
Next generaton computng
Processor and system architecture, interconnect and data localiiaton
technologies, cloud computng, parallel computng and simulaton sofware
Future Internet
Networks, sofware and services, cyber security, privacy and trust, wireless
communicaton and all optcal networks, immersive interactve multmedia
and connected enterprise
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45. ICT in Leadership

4.
5.
6.
Coontent technologies and informaton management
Technologies for language, learning, interacton, digital preservaton,
content access and analytcs; advanced data mining, machine learning,
statstcal analysis and visual computng
Advanced interfaces and robots
Service robotcs, cognitve systems, advanced interfaces, smart spaces and
sentent machines
Key Enabling Technologies: Micro- nano-electronics and
photonics
Design, advanced processes, pilot lines for fabricaton, related producton
technologies and demonstraton actons to validate technology
developments and innovatve business models
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46. Cybersecurity

• Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or
IT security, is the protecton of computer systems
from the thef or damage to the hardware, sofware
or the informaton on them, as well as from
disrupton ( failure) or misdirecton of the services
they provide.
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47. List of required textbooks and additional resources

Required Textbook:
• Brown G., Sargent B., and Watson D. Coambridge IGCoSE ICoT. - London:
Hodder Educaton Group, 2015. -439 p. [BW]
• Williams, B. K. and Sawyer, S. Using informaton technology: A practcal
introducton to computers & communicatons.- New York: McGraw-Hil.,
- 8th ed. 2010. -563 p. [WS]
Alternatve Textbook:
• Watson, D. and Williams, H. – Coambridge IGCoSE Coomputer Science:
Hodder Edu.; 3 ed. 2015.-278 p. [W]
Additonal resources:
• Evans, V. Informaton technology. Books 1-3: English for specifc
purposes .- 5th impr.- Newbury: Express Publishing, 2014.- 40 p. [E]
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48.

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