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Evolutionary psychology in Russia in one picture
1. Evolutionary psychology
brought to you byIlya Zakharov
&
Alexander Fenin
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Evolutionary psychology inRussia in one picture
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What we thought we wereWhat we actually are
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6. EP is about how evolution shaped our behavior. Functionally speaking.
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8. Pure cognitive psychology is working this way too!
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Behavioralgenetics
Nature
Vs.
Nurture
10. So how do genetics and environment form us?
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12. Quantitative genetics
13. To proceed, we will need several terms from behavioral genetics
• Every phenotype (and that could be any trait) in anypopulation has a dispersion rate
• We may suggest that this dispersion consists of:
• h – heritability. The difference in genes.
• c – common environment. The difference in family
environment.
• e – individual environment + the measurement error.
Let’s take a look at how it works.
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Ability togain
knowledge
Creativity
Abstract
thinking
Social
skills
Analytical (IQ)
Practical
Creative
G
Memory
Common
sense
Decision
making
Thinking
speed
G
Fluid
Crystallized
15. Suppose we have an infinite amount of identical twins couples
16. Let’s put them apart
17. Now let’s place them in different conditions
h = 0; c = ?; e = ?18. Okay, what if we place them into the same conditions?
h = 0; c = 0; e = ?CONSIDERING THAT
19. Now what if we take fraternal twins?
h = ?; c = const; e = constIF SES AND THE OTHER
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
ARE ACCOUNTED FOR
20. And here is how twin method works
h()
21. Biographical method and reared-aparts
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By this moment we already can say much23. Problems, officer?
• MZ twins are supposed to be equal in manyways, but they are actually not
• Genotypic-environmental covariation makes it
hard to distinguish genetic influences from the
environmental
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Prenatal influencePerinatal
influence
25. Covariation
26. Ok, that’s good enough, but where were the genes?
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3 billion nucleotides, 3 million meaningfulchanges, 0.4% diseases
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Молекулярные исследования31.
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Polygenic scores34.
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Why does it all matter?36. Every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way
• Вариабельность факторовсреды, влияющих на IQ в
семьях с низким СЭС,
примерно в 5 раз выше, чем в
семьях с высоким СЭС.
• Иначе говоря, семьи с низким
СЭС отличаются между собой в
5 раз больше, чем семьи с
высоким.
h (IQ) в зависимости от СЭС
1
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
Низкий СЭС
Высокий СЭС
h^2 (IQ)
37. Why?
• Because it is not the traititself that is inherited,
but rather the borders
defining it’s maximum
variation
• Rats’ intelligence
• Fatness
Название диаграммы
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Бедная среда
Крыса 1
Богатая среда
Крыса 2
Много
Мало углеводной
углеводной пищи
пищи
Человек 1
Человек 2
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• Genes make some things easier(see Rutter & autism,
neurojurisprudence, gay rights),
• Yet genes do not determine our
destiny or what we are. They
rather install the borders and
filters,
• In the end, it is you who
determine the environment that
determines how the genes
determine who you are.
• And that is the point of the third
factor.
39.
Enough for today.Questions?