State Exam Questionnaire

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State Exam
Questionnaire

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Verbs in English can be classified into two categories: stative verbs
and dynamic verbs. Dynamic verbs (sometimes referred to as "action
verbs") usually describe actions we can take, or things that happen;
Stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is not changing
or likely to change.
Ex:
Dynamic: play, melt, hit
Stative: believe, contain, own, hate

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Participle clauses are a form of adverbial clause which enables us to
say information in a more economical way. We can use participle
clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause have the
same subject.
We use the perfect participle (having been + past participle) to stress
that the action in the participle clause took place before the action in
the main clause.
Example:
Having been cut, her hair looked strange.
Long form: After her hair had been cut, it looked strange.

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Use the simple past to talk about a finished action that happened at
a specific time. For example, “I went out with my friends last night.”
The adverb “last night” is not required, but it does help clarify that the
event happened at a specific time. While you form the present
perfect by using “have” or “has” followed by the past participle form
of the verb.
For example, “I have graduated from college.” It is also called
“present perfect” because speakers use it to stress the importance of
a past event in the present. The sentence “I have graduated from
college,” emphasizes the present effect of a past event -- graduation.
The exact time of the graduation is not important.

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When we report what people say, we usually change the tense of the
verbs to reflect that we are reporting.
When we report yes/no questions we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
Ex: Direct question: “Do you like working in teams?”
Reported question: He asked if I liked working in teams.
When there is a question word (what, where, why, who, when, how)
we use that question word in the reported question but there is no
auxiliary verb and the word order is like an affirmative sentence.
Ex: Direct question: “What time does the train leave?”
Reported question: He asked what time the train left.

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Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun
phrase.
They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.
Determiners are either specific or general
We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader
knows exactly what we are referring to.
Ex: the, this, that, those, my, his, hers, which
When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader
does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use
an uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:
Ex: a, any, every

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Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun
phrase.
They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.
Determiners are either specific or general
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We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader
knows exactly what we are referring to.
Ex: the, this, that, those, my, his, hers, which
When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader
does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use
an uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:
Ex: a, any, every, etc.
Pattern: If + past perfect tense + would + have + past participle
Ex: If I had warned me, I would not have told your father about eh
party.

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First conditional
Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
Pattern: If+ Present Tense+ will+ infinitve/present
Ex: If you help me with the dishes I will help you with your homework.
Second conditional
Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
Pattern: If+ past tense + would + infinitive
Ex: If I knew her name I would tell you.
Third conditional
Nature: unreal
Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)

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We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone
or something – information that we need in order to understand what or who
is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after
the noun it describes. We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. who, that,
which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause.
Ex: They’re the people who want to buy our house.
We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the
person or thing. It is not necessary information. We don’t need it to understand
who or what is being referred to.
We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce
a non-defining relative clause
Ex: Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.

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We use the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous to talk
about things where there is a connection between the past and the present.
The difference is that present perfect continuous talks about how long
something has been happening. The present perfect simple talks about how
much/how many have been completed.
Example:
I’ve read that book you lent me. I finished it yesterday.(Present Perfect simple)
I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve got another 50 pages to read.
(present perfect continuous)

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The future continuous (will be + ‘ing’ form) and the future perfect (will have +
past participle) tenses are used to talk about events in the future.
We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress
at or around a time in the future.
Ex: Don’t phone grandma now, she’ll be having dinner.
We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular
time in the future.
We often use the future perfect with ‘by’ or ‘in’
Ex: I think astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year 2020.

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Will (future simple) is used to express future intentions that are decided at the time of
speaking (spontaneous offers, promises and decisions):
Come on, I'll help you with those bags.
Be going to is used to express future intentions that have already been decided
before the time of speaking:
I can't make it on Saturday. I'm going to help my parents around the house.
Might is used to express what is hypothetical, counterfactual, or remotely
possible. For example,
If you hurry, you might get there on time.
May is used to express what is possible, factual, or could be factual. For
example,
He may lose his job.

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Sometimes in a sentence, one verb follows another. For example, I want to
buy an electric car. The first verb is 'want', the second verb is 'buy'.
There are several different types of pattern.
1. Verb + to + verb: Ex: I want to work with Dr. Laver.
2. Verb + verb + ing: Ex: I enjoy working on the emergency ward.
3. Verb + preposition + verb +ing Ex: He specialises in helping children.
4. Verb + object + verb: Ex: Dad let me keep the cat.