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Expressing Past Time

1.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
CONTENTS
Preview
Expressing past time: the simple past
Spelling of –ing and –ed forms
The principal parts of a verb
Common irregular verbs: a reference list
Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings
Simple past and past progressive
Expressing past time: using time clauses
Expressing past habit: used to
1

2.

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
2

3.

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PRESENT TENSE
3

4.

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
4

5.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
We graduated from college in 2010.
5

6.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.
6

7.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.
SIMPLE PAST
activities or situations
began and ended in the past
(yesterday, last night, in 2007)
7

8.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(c) They watched the movie last night.
(d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.
watch + ed = watched
answer + ed = answered
8

9.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
9

10.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday.
Irregular past:
sleep
understand
eat
slept
understood
ate
10

11.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(g) I was a lifeguard last summer.
(h) They were in Belgium last month.
Simple past forms of be
was and were
11

12.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
REGULAR VERBS
STATEMENT
I-You-She-He-It-We-They started
school last week.
NEGATIVE
I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start
school last week.
12

13.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
REGULAR VERBS
QUESTION
Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they start
school last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did.
No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t.
13

14.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
BE- VERB
STATEMENT
I-She-He-It was home last week.
We-You-They were home last week.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It was not home last week.
We-You-They were not home last week.
14

15.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
BE- VERB
QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it home last week?
Were we-you-they home last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it was.
Yes, we-you-they were.
No, I-she-he-it- wasn’t.
No, we-you-they weren’t.
15

16.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.
?
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______
weren’t at the movies last night at 8:00.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
They were
____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
16

17.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
This airplane was made
in 1625.
?
1943
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
wasn’t made in 1625.
This airplane ______
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
This airplane was
___ made in 1943.
17

18.

2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
get
?
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________
didn’t get a bad grade on her test.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________
an excellent grade on her test.
got
18

19.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
We are learning to speak English.
19

20.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-e
(a) smile
smiling
smiled
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
hoped
hope
hoping
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
-ed form: add -d
20

21.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
Two Consonants
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(b) help
helping
helped
learned
learn
learning
Two consonants
add -ing
add -ed
21

22.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(c) rain
raining
rained
heated
heat
heating
Two vowels + one consonant
add -ing
add -ed
22

23.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
YES
(d) stopped
stopping
stop
planned
plan
planning
Double the consonant and
add -ing
add -ed
23

24.

2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(e) visited
visiting
vis
it
offered
offer
offering
First syllable stressed
add -ing
add -ed
24

25.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
YES
(f) prefer
preferring
preferred
admit
admitting
admitted
Second syllable stressed,
double the consonant
add -ing
add -ed
25

26.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y
(g) play
enjoy
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
playing
played
enjoying
enjoyed
vowel + -y
keep the -y
26

27.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h) worry
worrying
worried
study
studying
studied
consonant + -y
-y + -ing
-i + -ed
-y
27

28.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-ie
(i) die
tie
dying
died
tying
tied
-ie
-y + -ing
add -d
28

29.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 LET’S PRACTICE
rain
-ING form
-ED form
raining
________
________
rained
29

30.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 LET’S PRACTICE
study
-ING form
-ED form
studying
_________
_________
studied
30

31.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 LET’S PRACTICE
lie
-ING form
-ED form
lying
_____
_____
lied
Please don’t
lie to me!
31

32.

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
They became friends.
32

33.

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs
finish
hope
try
Irregular Verbs
see
sing
go
Simple Form
No final –s, –ed, or –ing
33

34.

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
saw
sang
went
Simple Past
–ed for regular verbs
34

35.

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
seen
sung
gone
Past Participle
–ed for regular verbs
perfect tenses & passive
35

36.

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
Irregular Verbs
seeing
singing
going
Present Participle
–ing for all verbs
used with progressive tenses
36

37.

2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Somebody spent all my money.
37

38.

2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
awake
SIMPLE PAST:
awoke
PAST PARTICIPLE:
awoken
CHAPTER
CONTENT
38

39.

2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
forget
SIMPLE PAST:
forgot
CHAPTER
CONTENT
PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
39

40.

2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
shave
SIMPLE PAST:
shaved
PAST PARTICIPLE:
shaved/shaven
CHAPTER
CONTENT
40

41.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
throw
SIMPLE PAST:
threw
PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown
41

42.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE FORM:
give
SIMPLE PAST:
gave
_____
given
PAST PARTICIPLE: _____
42

43.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE FORM:
sit
SIMPLE PAST:
___
sat
PAST PARTICIPLE:
___
sat
43

44.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE FORM:
read
SIMPLE PAST:
read
_______
read
PAST PARTICIPLE: _______
44

45.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
She talked to me for an hour.
talk/t/
45

46.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) talked
k = talk/t/
stopped
pp = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
voiceless sound + -ed
/t/
examples: /k/, /p/
46

47.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
ss = hiss/t/
hissed
watched
ch = watch/t/
sh = wash/t/
washed
voiceless sound + -ed
/t/
examples: /k/, /p/, /s/, /ch/, /sh/
47

48.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
ll = call/d/
(b) called
n = rain/d/
rained
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
voiced sound + -ed
examples: /l/, /n/
/d/
48

49.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
v = live/d/
lived
bb = rob/d/
robbed
stayed
y = stay/d/
voiced sound + -ed
/d/
examples: /l/, /n/, /v/, /b/, all vowel sounds
49

50.

2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
t = wait / d/
(c) waited
d = need / d/
needed
e
e
e
“t” or “d” + -ed
/ d/
50

51.

behave__
?
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
2-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
51

52.

behave__
/d/
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
2-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
52

53.

plant___
?
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
2-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
53

54.

e
plant___
/ d/
1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
2-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
54

55.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
He ran to work yesterday.
He was running when the bus drove by.
55

56.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE SIMPLE PAST
X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.
(b) Pat drove to work this morning.
began and ended at particular
time in the past
56

57.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
X
X
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.
(d) They were eating when I got home.
in progress
was/were + -ing
57

58.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
X
X
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.
(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
when = at that time
while = during that time
58

59.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
STATEMENT
I-She-He-It
CHAPTER
CONTENT
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It
was not talking.
wasn’t talking.
You-We-They were not talking.
weren’t talking.
59

60.

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it
Were you-we-they
talking ?
talking ?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it
No, I-she-he-it
was.
wasn’t.
Yes, you-we-they
No, you-we-they
were.
weren’t.
CHAPTER
CONTENT
60

61.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-6 LET’S PRACTICE
walk
were walking
Yesterday, the camels ___________
in the desert.
61

62.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-6 LET’S PRACTICE
At 8:00, we began to work.
work
were working
At 8:30, we ____________.
62

63.

2-6 LET’S PRACTICE
was waiting for the bus.
Marie __________
wasn’t waiting for a plane.
Marie _____________
CHAPTER
CONTENT
wait
OR
wait, not
63

64.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Our son called while we were using
the computer.
64

65.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
main clause
time clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower
time clause
after I exercised.
(a) time clause
main clause
65

66.

67.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(c) I took a shower after I exercised.
(d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.
after
before
until
as soon as
while
when
subject
+
and verb
=
a time
clause
67

68.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) I exercised until I took a shower.
(f) As soon as I exercised, I took a shower.
until = to that time and no longer
as soon as = immediately after
68

69.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(g) Mary came home while I was studying.
(h) When Mary came home, I was studying.
main clause + comma + time clause
time clause + comma + main clause
69

70.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.
First: I rang the doorbell
Then: it played music
when
allows simple past
in both clauses
70

71.

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(j) She was learning to ski while he was
playing golf.
two actions at the same time
past progressive okay in both
71

72.

2-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
attend
work
were working our children
While we ___________,
were attending school.
____________
72

73.

CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-7 LET’S PRACTICE
fall asleep
read
Lynn _________
fell asleep while she __________
was reading
a book.
73

74.

2-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
I put the food away
I went shopping ________________.
After _____________,
I put the food away after ______________.
I went shopping
________________
74

75.

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
He used to be a baby, but now he is
man with a family.
75

76.

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play piano, but now
she plays the violin.
(c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she
doesn’t anymore.
used to
past situations
no longer exist
used to + simple form of a verb
76