Неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола и существительного

1.

2.

The Infinitive
Неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства
глагола и существительного
Обычно употребляется с частицей to
• Не имеет лица и числа
• Не может употребляться в предложении
как простое глагольное сказуемое

3.

Таблица форм инфинитива
переходных и непереходных глаголов
форма
инфинитива
Indefinite
(простой)
непереходный
глагол
переходный глагол
Active Voice
to come
to ask
Continuous
(длительный)
to be coming
to be asking
Perfect
(перфектный)
to have come
to have asked
Perfect Continuous to have been
(перфектноcoming
длительный)
to have been
asking
Passive Voice
to be asked
to have been
asked

4.

Случаи употребления инфинитива без to
• после модальных глаголов
•после глаголов to let и to make
•в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия:
to see, to hear, to feel, etc.
•после выражений:
I would rather…, You had better…

5. Инфинитив без частицы to.

1. После модальных глаголов
must, can (could), may (might), need.
You must do it at once.
He can speak German.
May I come in?
Need he come here?
Вы должны это сделать немедленно.
Он умеет говорить по-немецки.
Можно мне войти?
Нужно ли ему приходить сюда?
2. После глаголов
to make – заставлять
to let – разрешать
и иногда после to help – помогать
(особенно в США)
I let him go there.
She made me cry.
3. В обороте «объектный падеж с
инфинитивом» после глаголов to
see видеть, to watch наблюдать,
to here слышать, to feel
чувствовать и некоторых других
I saw her leave the room.
I heard her sing.
I felt him put his hand on my
shoulder.
Я разрешил ему пойти туда.
Она заставила меня заплакать.
Помоги мне сделать это сейчас.
Help me (to) do it now.
Я видел, как она вышла из комнаты.
Я слышал, как она поет.
Я почувствовал, как он положил руку на
мое плечо.
Примечание: когда глаголы, перечисленные в пп. 2 и 3, употреблены в страдательном залоге, следующий за
ним инфинитив употребляется с частицей to. He was made to do it.
4. После выражений
had better лучше бы,
would rather,
would sooner предпочел бы
You had better go there at once.
I would rather not tell them about
it.
He said he would sooner stay at
home.
Вам бы лучше пойти туда немедленно.
Я предпочел бы не говорить им об этом.
Он сказал, что предпочел бы остаться
дома.

6.

Употребление инфинитива
подлежащее
It is difficult to read this book.
Эту книгу трудно читать.
часть составного
глагольного сказуемого
I can read this story.
Я могу прочесть этот рассказ.
именная часть
составного именного
сказуемого
My home task is to read this story.
Моё домашние задание – прочесть этот
рассказ.
дополнение
I want to read this book.
Я хочу прочесть эту книгу.
определение
This is a good book to read.
Это книга, которую стоит прочесть.
обстоятельство
I took a book in order to read it at home.
Я взяла книгу, чтобы читать её дома.

7.

Переходный глагол
Глагол, в значении которого заложена необходимость
сочетаться с дополнением, без которого значение самого
глагола остаётся незавершённым.
to tell (a story, the truth)
to give (some thing, advice)
to buy (things, food)

8.

Непереходный глагол
Глагол, которому дополнение не требуется
to walk
to live
to smile

9.

Простой инфинитив
Indefinite Infinitive
- форма, в которой глагол даётся в словаре. Он показывает,
что действие, выраженное им, одновременно действию,
выраженному глаголом-сказуемым (или какой-либо
ситуации), или следует за ним.
I want to speak to him.
It was pleasant to speak to him.
When they give you something, you must always say
“thank you”.
I want you to give me some information.

10.

Длительный инфинитив
Continuous Infinitive
-Образуется при помощи инфинитива to be и четвёртой
формы смыслового глагола:
to be inviting, to be writing, to be asking.
Употребляется, чтобы выразить действие, длящееся
в то время, когда происходит действие глагола-сказуемого.
He seemed to be looking for words to express his idea.
It was pleasant to be driving the car again.
Он, казалось, искал слова, чтобы выразить его идею.
Было приятно вести автомобиль снова.

11.

Перфектный инфинитив
Perfect Infinitive
-Образуется при помощи инфинитива to have и третьей
формы смыслового глагола:
to have invited, to have written, to have asked.
Употребляется, чтобы выразить действие, которое
предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым,
или происходит ранее какой-либо ситуации.
I am glad to have spoken to him.
When I came up to the house there was no light in the
windows. Everybody must have gone to bed.
Я рад говорить с ним.
Когда я подошел к дому не было никакого света в
окна. Все, должно быть, легли спать.

12.

Перфектный инфинитив
Perfect Infinitive
Remember!
Perfect Infinitive после глаголов to expect (ожидать),
to intend (намереваться), to mean (иметь в виду, хотеть),
to hope (надеяться), стоящих в прошедшем времени,
и некоторых модальных глаголов (should, ought to)
означает, что действие, которое ожидалось, не произошло.
I intended (meant, hoped) to have come on time.
Я намеревался (хотел, надеялся) прийти вовремя
(но не сумел).

13.

Перфектно-длительный инфинитив
Perfect Continuous Infinitive
-Образуется при помощи инфинитива to have been и четвёртой
формы смыслового глагола:
to have been inviting, to have been writing, to have been asking.
Употребляется, чтобы выразить действие, которое
предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым,
и всё ещё продолжается.
They seem to have been reading this book for a long time.
For a quarter of an hour I must have been writing
by a glow of firelight.

14.

Пассивный инфинитив
Passive Indefinite Infinitive
-Образуется при помощи инфинитива to be и третьей
формы смыслового глагола: to be invited, to be asked, to be written.
Употребляется, чтобы выразить действие, которое
испытывает лицо или предмет, являющийся подлежащим.
I like my cooking to be eaten immediately.
Passive Perfect Infinitive
-Образуется при помощи инфинитива to have been и третьей
формы смыслового глагола:
to have been invited, to have been written, to have been asked.
I am glad to have been invited by him.
The work must have been finished already.

15.

Вставьте частицу “to” перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.
1. I like___play the guitar.
2. My brother can___speak French.
3. We had___put on our overcoats because it was cold.
4. They wanted___cross the river.
5. It is high time for you___go to bed.
6. May I___use your telephone?
7. They heard the girl___cry out with joy.
8. I would rather___stay at home today.
9. He did not want___play in the yard any more.
10. Would you like___go to England?
11. You look tired. You had better___go home.
12. I wanted___speak to Nick, but could not___find his telephone
number.
13. It is time___get up.
14. Let me___help you with your homework.
15. I was planning___do a lot of things yesterday.

16.

Вставьте частицу “to” перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. My brother can - speak French.
3. We had to put on our overcoats because it was cold.
4. They wanted to cross the river.
5. It is high time for you to go to bed.
6. May I - use your telephone?
7. They heard the girl - cry out with joy.
8. I would rather - stay at home today.
9. He did not want to play in the yard any more.
10. Would you like to go to England?
11. You look tired. You had better - go home.
12. I wanted to speak to Nick, but could not - find his telephone
number.
13. It is time to get up.
14. Let me - help you with your homework.
15. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.

17.

Замените части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
1. I have no books which I can read.
2. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling?
3. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of.
4. Have you got anything that you want to say on this subject?
5. There was nothing that he could do except go home.
6. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these
words to you.
7. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go
to the theatre with you.
8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would
serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.
9. Here is something which will warm you up.
10. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with.

18.

Замените части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
1. I have no books to read.
2. Is there anybody to help you with your spelling?
3. Don't forget that she has a baby to take care of.
4. Have you got anything to say on this subject?
5. There was nothing for him to do except go home.
6. I have only a few minutes to explain these
words to you.
7. I have an examination to take soon, so I can't go
to the theatre with you.
8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights to
serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.
9. Here is something to warm you up.
10. Here is a new brush for you to clean your teeth with.

19.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива (Indefinite – Continuous Infinitive).
1. Не seems (to read) a lot.
2. Не seems (to read) now.
3. His English seems (to get) better.
4. My sister will be thrilled (to wear) a dress as lovely as that.
5. I want (to take) you to the concert.
6.I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting.
7. She hoped (to help) her Mother.
8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell.

20.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива (Indefinite – Continuous).
1. Не seems to read a lot.
2. Не seems to be reading now.
3. His English seems to be getting better.
4. My sister will be thrilled to be wearing a dress as lovely as that.
5. I want to take you to the concert.
6.I hate to be bothering you, but the students are still waiting.
7. She hoped to help her Mother.
8. The woman pretended to be reading and not to hear the bell.

21.

Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными
оборотами (Indefinite – Perfect).
E.g. He is sorry that he has said it.
He is sorry to have said it.
1. It is certain that it will rain if you don’t take your umbrella.
2. Don’t promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
3. He was happy that he had praised everybody.
4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.
5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert.
6. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in.
7. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.

22.

Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными
оборотами (Indefinite – Perfect).
E.g. He is sorry that he has said it.
He is sorry to have said it.
1. It is certain to rain if you don’t take your umbrella.
2. Don’t promise to do it, if you are not sure that you can.
3. He was happy to have praised everybody.
4. He was very proud to have helped his elder brother.
5. She was sorry to have missed the beginning of the concert.
6. She is happy to have found such a nice place to live in.
7. He hopes to know everything by tomorrow.

23.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива (Continuous – Perfect Continuous Infinitive).
1. He seems (to read) since morning.
2. You seem (to look) for trouble.
3. The children seem (to play) since breakfast.
4. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here.
5. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from
behind the door.
6. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two
months.

24.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива (Continuous – Perfect Continuous Infinitive).
1. He seems to have been reading since morning.
2. You seem to be looking for trouble.
3.The children seem to have been playing since breakfast.
4. She seems to have been working at this problem ever since
she came here.
5. They seemed to be quarrelling: I could hear angry voices from
behind the door.
6. They are supposed to have been working at the problem for
the last two months.

25.

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
2. The child did not like to be washed.
3. Isn’t it natural that we like to be praised and don’t like
to be scolded?
4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents?
5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.
6. To improve your pronunciation you should record yourself
and analyse your speech.
7. This is the book to be read during your summer holidays.
8. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage.
9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn’t like to be reminded of
his duties.
10. The child was happy to have been brought home.

26.

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. Играть в шахматы было его самым большим удовольствием.
2. Ребёнок не любил, когда его мыли.
3. Не правда ли, это естественно, что мы любим, когда нас
хвалят и не любим, когда нас ругают?
4. Что более приятно: делать подарки или получать их?
5. У природы есть много секретов, которые предстоит открыть.
6. Чтобы улучшить ваше произношение, вам следует
записывать и анализировать вашу речь.
7. Это книга, которую надо прочитать во время летних каникул.
8. Проходить обучение у такого хорошего специалиста было
большим преимуществом.
9. Он очень забывчив, но не любит, когда ему напоминают о
его обязанностях.
10. Ребёнок был счастлив, когда его привели домой.

27.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. He seems (to read) all the books in the library.
2. I want (to take) to the concert by my father.
3. He expected (to help) by the teacher.
4. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday.
5. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground
was covered with a deep layer of snow.
6. I am sorry (to break) your cup.
7. The children seem (to play) in the yard now.
8. Her ring believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during
the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa
and the wall.
9. I hope (to see) you soon.
10. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was
so anxious (to talk) about.

28.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. He seems to have read all the books in the library.
2. I want to be taken to the concert by my father.
3. He expected to be helped by the teacher.
4. I am glad to have done all the homework yesterday.
5. It seemed to have been snowing heavily since early morning:
the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.
6. I am sorry to have broken your cup.
7. The children seem to be playing in the yard now.
8. Her ring believed to be lost until she happened to find it during
the general cleaning. It turned out to have been dropped between
the sofa and the wall.
9. I hope to see you soon.
10. He seized every opportunity to appear in public: he was
so anxious to be talked about.

29.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания
с инфинитивом:
•to cut a long story short — короче говоря
•to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по правде
•to say nothing of — не говоря уже о
•to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь
•to say the least of it — по меньшей мере
•to begin with — начнем с того что
Запомните следующие предложения:
The book leaves much to be desired. — Книга оставляет
желать лучшего.
Не is difficult to deal with. — С ним трудно иметь дело.
Не is hard to please. — Ему трудно угодить.
She is pleasant to look at. — На нее приятно смотреть.

30.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые
словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива.
2. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего.
3. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс.
4. Вашей сестре трудно угодить.
5. Начнем с того, что я занят.
6. На него было приятно смотреть.
7. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен.
8. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый
счастливый день в ее жизни.
9. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего.
10. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.
11. Для начала, она открыла все окна.
12. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело.
13. По правде говоря, я очень устал.
14.Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего.
15.Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили.
16.На этих детей приятно посмотреть.

31.

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие
словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. To put it mildly, she was impolite.
2. Your work leaves much to be desired.
3. To tell you the truth, I don't like boxing.
4. Your sister is hard to please.
5. To begin with, I am busy.
6. He was pleasant to look at.
7. To cut a long story short, he did not pass the examination.
8. We were all glad, to say nothing of Mother: she said it was the happiest
day in her life.
9. Your composition leaves much to be desired.
10. It is very strange, to say the least of it.
11. To begin with, she opened all the windows.
12. My neighbour is difficult to deal with.
13. To tell you the truth, I am very tired.
14.His behaviour leaves much to be desired.
15. To put it mildly, you surprised me.
16. These children are pleasant to look at.