Написание разделов «Результаты исследований»

1. НАПИСАНИЕ РАЗДЕЛОВ «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»

Кафедра ИПК
Саратов 2015

2. РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫЕ ЖАЛОБЫ

At times this paper reads like a thesis. The authors seem to
have included all their results, with the consequence that I am
not sure which findings are significant and which are not.
However, I also suspect that some contradictory findings have
not been included. So although I generally recommend brevity,
this should not include leaving out key findings that do not
support the authors’ line of logic.
The Results section is too long and much of it is then repeated
in detail in the Conclusions. Moreover, most of the empirical
results are rather obvious. That X = Y is hardly surprising. I
cannot see any new or important aspects of this study.
Rather than highlighting the results that are significant or
relevant, the authors have merely repeated in the text
everything that they have put in their figures and tables, which
in themselves seem to include every piece of data that the
authors have elaborated in the last three years. This makes for
very tedious reading. Moreover, I felt that I was not given the
tools to understand for myself the significance of their data.

3. СТРУКТУРА РАЗДЕЛА «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»

1.
2.
3.
Что удалось обнаружить?
Чего не удалось обнаружить?
Какие неожиданные открытия были
сделаны?

4. С ЧЕГО НАЧАТЬ РАЗДЕЛ «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»?

1.
2.
Начните с общего обзора вашего исследования,
эксперимента и т.д., не повторяя информацию из
раздела «Методы»:
Overall, the results presented below show that …
The three key results of this empirical study are:
The following emergent themes were identified from the
analysis: …
Сразу начните с результатов, обращая внимание
читателя на числовые данные (таблица, рисунок…):
Figure 1 shows the mass spectra obtained from an analysis
of the two residues. The first residue reveals a .. (Fig. 1a)
A total of 34 wheat genotypes (Table 1) were screened for
… Responses to increased sunlight varied significantly
(Figure 1) …
An analysis was made to look for … To do this, the average
times of x and y were compared … Figures 1–3 show the
differences between …

5. КАК ПОСТРОИТЬ ОСТАЛЬНУЮ ЧАСТЬ РАЗДЕЛА «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»?

Расположите ваши числовые данные в
логической последовательности, так чтобы они
отвечали поставленной цели и подтверждали
гипотезу из раздела «Введение»;
Проведите логические связи между вашими
открытиями и числовыми данными, исключая
все нерелевантные открытия;
Остальная часть раздела заключается в
описании и пояснении числовых данных

6. ПРИМЕРНАЯ СТРУКТУРА РАЗДЕЛА «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»

Напишите о полученных результатах,
отвечающих исследовательской задаче,
поставленной в данной работе;
Напишите о второстепенных результатах;
Предоставьте подтверждение ваших
результатов;
Напишите о результатах, противоречащих
вашей гипотезе, и объясните их.

7. СЛЕДУЕТ ЛИ УПОМИНАТЬ ОБ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТАХ?

ДА!
When you get a negative result, it feels as if it’s
all been a bit of a waste of time. It’s easy to
convince yourself that you found nothing, when
in fact you discovered a very useful piece of
information: the thing that you were testing
doesn’t work.
Причины отрицательных результатов:
Ваше гипотеза неверна и должна быть
переформулирована;
Вы неправильно распланировали ход
эксперимента/ мало статистических данных.

8. КАКИЕ ВРЕМЕНА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ?

Past Simple (active & passive)
The care model, was seen as a credible and holistic
approach to the management of depression. GPs were keen
to avoid ‘over-medicalising’ and over-prescribing of
antidepressants: “The big difference to the way we manage
is having the mental health worker here more often,
because …”
However, there was a perceived failure of the NHS to
provide adequate services to support adherence to the
guideline. One GP commented:“It’s interesting when you
look at the sort of treatments that …”
GPs and mental health workers described very limited
access to specialist input for patients with more complex,
treatment-resistant or recurrent depression. One incident
was described by a GP: “I tried recently with a gentleman
who has been on antidepressants for four or five years, …”

9. КАКОЙ СТИЛЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ ПРИ НАПИСАНИИ РАЗДЕЛА «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»?

От третьего лица, безличные конструкции:
S1. There was a perceived failure of the NHS to provide
adequate services.
А не:
S2. We found that doctors viewed the NHS as having
failed to provide adequate services.
Пример:
Three levels of feedback were looked at for differences
on task persistence. Differences between positive,
negative, and no feedback conditions, were minimal
and showed no significant findings … There were
larger differences both between genders and in the
interaction between gender and feedback conditions.
Tables 1 and 2 show the averages for these gender
differences. Figure 6 shows …

10. КАКОЙ СТИЛЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ ПРИ НАПИСАНИИ РАЗДЕЛА «РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ»?

Collecting the data was quite difficult … On the
other hand, the statistical analysis is rather
simple. Table 2 shows … Notice that the
difference between online and print variety
increases during the daytime; this means that
the diversity in online content tends to decrease
from 09.30 to 17.30. We wondered whether the
smaller degree of online variety depended on …

11. КАК ПОДЧЕРКНУТЬ ЦЕННОСТЬ ВАШИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ?

Rather than telling the reader that a result is interesting
or significant, show them how it is interesting or
significant … show the reader what they need to know
to come to their own conclusion about the result.
S1. *The large difference in mean size between
population C and population D is particularly
interesting.
S2. While the mean size generally varies among
populations by only a few cm, the mean size in
populations C and D differed by 25 cm. Two
hypotheses could account for this, …
S3. Interestingly, while the mean size generally varies
among populations by only a few cm, the mean size in
populations C and D differed by 25 cm. Two
hypotheses could account for this, …

12. КАК КОММЕНТИРОВАТЬ ТАБЛИЦЫ И РИСУНКИ?

S1. *Figure 4 shows the relationship between the
numbers of species A and species B.
S2. The abundances of species A and B were
inversely related (Figure 4).

13. КАК ПРАВИЛЬНО НАПИСАТЬ, ЧТОБЫ БЫЛО ЯСНО, ЧТО РЕЧЬ ИДЕТ О МОИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТАХ, А НЕ ДРУГИХ АВТОРОВ?

В отредактированном варианте было написано:
levels of intolerance are highest, а не: than we
found that levels of intolerance are highest.
Past Simple
Present Simple

14. УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. В КАЖДОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ НАЙДИТЕ ОДНО ЛИШНЕЕ СЛОВО/ФРАЗУ.

1. This paper outlines / proposes / describes / discovers /
presents a new approach to…
2. This paper validates / examines / seeks to address /
focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve…
3. This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on /
a preliminary attempt how bilinguals separate the two
languages while talking.
4. The aim of our work is to further / extend / widen /
broaden / amplify current knowledge of…
5. This paper takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits /
informs / sheds new light on how politicians use their
power,
6. In the literature, ‘psychotic’ usually refers / often refers /
is usually referred to a patient who…
7. Vitous [2015] has provided / put forward / put down /
proposed a new definition of X, in which…

15. УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. В КАЖДОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ НАЙДИТЕ ОДНО ЛИШНЕЕ СЛОВО/ФРАЗУ.

8. In the literature there lacks of a general definition of X / a
general definition of X is lacking / there is no clear definition
of X.
9. In their seminal / groundbreaking / cutting edge / state-ofthe-art paper of 2001, Peters and Jones…
10. Experiments on X were conducted / carried on / carried out /
performed on X in 2009 by a group of researchers from…
11. More recent evidence [Obama, 2013] shows / suggests /
investigates / highlights / reveals / proposes that.
12. He claims / argues / criticizes / maintains / suggests / points
out / underlines that…
13. Kamos’s [23] assumptions seem to be sensitive / realistic / wellfounded / well-grounded / plausible / reasonable / acceptable .
14. Many experts contend, however / instead / on the one hand ,
that this evidence is not conclusive.
15. This has led authors as / such as / for example / for instance
Mithran [32], Yasmin [34] and Hai [35] to investigate…

16. УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2. ЗАПОЛНИТЕ ПРОПУСКИ СЛОВАМИ

complete with, customization, data were obtained, equipped
with, fitted with, fully integrated, incorporates, instrument,
is made up of, tailored.
1.
The _______ utilized was a DX model.
2.
The apparatus _______ three inputs and two outputs.
3.
The system comes _______ a bionic vibrator.
4.
The _______ by using a Beckman XRZ vers. 2.1.
5.
It is _______ two compartments.
6.
It also comes _______ its own dynamo.
7.
This machine _______ the latest technological advances.
8.
It has a _______ support mechanism.
9.
It has been _______ for use with children with disabilities.
10. ______ is available to suit requirements.

17. УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3. ЗАПОЛНИТЕ ПРОПУСКИ СЛОВАМИ

following, having, integrating, reducing, resulting, selecting,
speaking, subtracting, taking, using
1.
The samples were prepared _______ _ Jude [2012].
2.
The third mixture was prepared __________ the same
procedure as for the first.
3.
The criteria for __________ the subjects to participate in the
survey were:
4.
By __________ the amount of liquid to the minimum, the
mixture becomes more solid.
5.
Generally __________, our results show that bankers have no
social conscience.
6.
The __________ solution to this problem can be expressed
as…
7.
_________ the results together we have that:…
8.
_________ advantage of the properties of gold, we can now.
9.
_________ the first result from the second, we obtain…
10. _________ these features meant that we could…

18. УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4. ВСТАВЬТЕ СЛОВА, ПРИВЕДЕННЫЕ НИЖЕ, В ПРОПУСКИ. ВЫБРАННОЕ СЛОВО ДОЛЖНО БЫТЬ СИНОНИМИЧНО С УЖЕ ИМЕЮЩИМИСЯ В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ

apparent, are presented, below, chart, details, highlights, illustrated, indicate, note,
summarizes
1.
Table 1 compares / lists / details / ________ the data on the progress of
the patients.
2.
Table 2 proves / shows / demonstrates / illustrates / ________ that
developed countries create more than 3,000 times more toxic waste than most
developing countries.
3.
Figure 1 presents / reports / shows / ________ the data on the first set of
findings.
4.
Figure 3 pinpoints / ________ exactly where X meets Y.
5.
As shown / highlighted / ________ / detailed / can be seen in Fig. 1, the
value of…
6.
The results on X can be seen / are compared / ________ in Fig. 1.
7.
From the graph / photo / ________ / histogram we can see / note that…
8.
It is clear / ________ from Fig. 1 that…
9.
We observe / ________ from Table 1 that…
10.
The graph to the left / to the right / above / ________ shows that…

19. СПАСИБО ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!