Introduction. A brief historical outline

1. Lecture 1 Introduction

Prof. Tatiana Levina
Vladimir State University
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2. Introduction

1. A brief historical outline.
2. The role of phonetics in foreign
language teaching
3. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics.
Its application to other areas of science.
4. Branches of phonetics.
5. Aspects of speech sounds.
6. Methods of investigation in phonetics.
7. Types of transcription.
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3. A Brief Historical Outline

phonetics – phōnē (gr.)
discipline
Panini (4th century B.C.)
to decipher
Veda
Rig-veda
hymn [him]
sanscrit
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4. The Role of Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching

D. Abercrombie: “I would reply that
all language teachers willy-nilly are
phoneticians. It is not possible for
practical purposes to teach a foreign
language to any types of learners, for
any purpose, by any method without
giving some attention to
pronunciation. And any attention to
pronunciation is phonetics. ”
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5. Phonetics as a Branch of Linguistics. Its Application to Other Areas of Science

Lexicology
Grammar
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonetic units (the subject matter of
phonetics):
1). Speech sounds (phonemes)
2). The syllabic structure of words
3). The accentual structure of words (wordstress)
4). Intonation
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6.

2 levels of investigation:
a content level;
an expression level.
[k t-n t]
There’s no room for you in my heart.
There’s no room for you in my hut.
[ha:t-h t]
carrier
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7. The Fields of Study

1). Communication engineering
2). Medical sciences
3). Dialectology
4). Social sciences (sociolinguistics, sociophonetics)
5). Psychology
to convert
to design
orthography
to appreciate
to interact (mutually depend)
extralinguistic (concerns everything that is beyond
language)
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8. The Process of Speech Production

1)
2)
3)
4)
The concept is formed in the brain.
The message formed in the brain is
transmitted through the nervous system to
the speech organs. The human brain controls
the behavior of the articulatory organs.
The acoustic stage. The movements of the
speech organs produce sound waves.
The sound waves come to the listener’s ear.
The spoken message is transmitted to the
brain and then comes the linguistic
interpretation of the information.
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9. The Branches of Phonetics

to overlap to correlate
1). Special phonetics
2). Comparative phonetics
3). General phonetics
4). Descriptive (synchronic) phonetics
5). Historical (diachronic) phonetics
6). Segmental phonetics
a sound cluster
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10. The Branches of Phonetics

7). Super-segmental phonetics
to super-impose
8). Acoustic phonetics
9) Auditory (perceptive, perceptional)
phonetics
to perceive
10). Functional phonetics (phonology)
11). Applied phonetics
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11. Aspects of Speech Sounds

1). Articulatory phonetics
2). Acoustic phonetics (pitch,
intensity, timbre)
3). Functional phonetics
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12. Methods of Investigation

1). Direct observation
2). Theoretical research
3). Experimental research
Rousselot
V.A. Bogoroditzky
L.V. Shcherba
a procedure
a minimal pair of opposition
an informant
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13. Techniques in Articulatory Phonetics

1). Palatography (palate)
2). Photography
3). X-ray photography
4). Cinematography
5). X-ray cinematography
6). Computer programmes
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14. Techniques in Acoustic Phonetics

1). Oscillograph
2). Spectrograph
3). Intonograph
a synthesizing machine
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15. Types of Transcription

1). Broad or phonological
2). Narrow or phonetic
Daniel Jones
i: - i
: -
u:- u
: -
prof. Vassileyev
i: - i u: - u
: - : -
A.C. Gimson
an allophone
l–ł
p - ph
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16.

Thank you!
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