ICPIS_EOT_Presentation_

1.

EOT Claim Substantiation in
Public Sector Educational Infrastructure:
A FIDIC-Based Case Study from Pakistan
Abdul Wahid | Hanzla Khan
Department of Civil Engineering | University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan
Correspondence: jwahid087@gmail.com

2.

Introduction & Problem Statement
Context
Knowledge Gap
Construction delays are among the most costly
problems in global infrastructure
No scholarly studies on EOT claims in Pakistani
educational infrastructure
In Pakistan's public sector, payment failures &
financial difficulties drive schedule overruns
(Gardezi et al., 2014)
Prior work (Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India) lacks a FIDICspecific, document-driven quantitative approach
EOT claims protect contractors from Liquidated
Damages when delays are employer-caused
University projects face unique challenges:
bureaucratic payments, monsoons, complex
construction activities
Research Aim
Demonstrate how FIDIC contract clauses and
contemporaneous project documentation can substantiate
EOT claims in public-sector construction projects in
Pakistan.

3.

Research Objectives
MAIN OBJECTIVE
Analyse and substantiate a 248-day EOT claim for the 300-bed Boys Hostel at UET Taxila using
FIDIC Red Book clauses and contemporaneous project records.
Identify & Classify Delays
delays as Excusable Compensable, Excusable
01 Classify
Non-Compensable, or Concurrent under FIDIC
Assess Weather Delays
Clause 44.1(c) to evaluate rainfall days exceeding
03 Use
the 5-year regional average as valid delay events
Quantify IPC Payment Delays
Clauses 60.10 & 69.4 to quantify EOT entitlement
02 Apply
from employer-induced payment delays
Propose EOT Framework
a 4-stage evidence-based framework applicable
04 Develop
to future FIDIC-governed projects

4.

Methodology
Case Project
300-Bed Boys Hostel, UET Taxila
Contract Period: Dec 2013 – Oct 2016
Contract Value: PKR 141 Million | FIDIC Red Book
Data Sources
Interim Payment Certificates (IPC 01–15)
Daily site diaries (workforce, weather, interruptions)
Official correspondence: Contractor / Consultant /
Employer
Baseline schedule (Primavera P6)
Analytical Approach
Cause-and-Effect
Delay Analysis
IPC Payment
Delay Register
Weather Comparison
vs. 5-yr Average
Concurrent Delay
Apportionment
FIDIC Clauses Applied: 20.1 | 44.1(c) | 60.10 | 69.4

5.

Results
248 Days
185 Days
Total EOT Awarded
Payment Delays (74.6%)
IPC Payment Delays vs. EOT Awarded — 1st Extension
IPC 04
14
IPC 03
16
10%
16%
0
137
35
14
Mob. Adv.
EOT Distribution by Category
122
79
0
IPC No. 02 Alone
52
IPC 02
IPC 01
137 Days
74%
39
50
EOT Awarded (Days)
100
Payment Delay (Days)
150
Payment Delays
Weather Delays
Other Excusable

6.

Discussion
Key Insights
Documentation as Evidence
Project-specific records (IPC registers, site diaries,
rainfall logs) were upheld as valid evidence
Generic documents (newspaper articles) were rejected
— contemporaneous specificity is essential
Payment failure — not weather — was the dominant
delay driver (74.6%), consistent with Gardezi et al.
(2014)
IPC value does not predict schedule impact; IPC No.
02 (lowest value) caused the largest disruption due
to cash flow timing
Only 39/244 claimed weather days (16%) were
accepted — misinterpretation of Clause 44.1(c) is
systemic
Concurrent contractor delays were apportioned; only
employer-causable portion granted
Proposed 4-Stage EOT Framework
1. Event Identification & Notice
2. Critical Path Analysis
3. Contractual Classification
4. Documentary Substantiation & Entitlement

7.

Conclusions & Recommendations
Primary Cause
Employer payment delays account for 74.6% (185 days) of
total EOT awarded — confirming payment failure as the critical
driver of schedule overrun
Documentation
Contemporaneous, project-specific records are legally
decisive; generic or generalized evidence is consistently
rejected
Weather Claims
Only 16% of claimed weather days were accepted. Routine
seasonal rainfall is not a valid EOT event under Clause 44.1(c)
Future Work
Validate the proposed 4-stage framework across multiple
infrastructure sectors and contract types in Pakistan

8.

Thank You