Vs_Gud

1.

Can you explain how jet propulsion engines
work?
Prepared by Samara University student
Dyakonov Oleg
Samara 2026

2.

Contents
1. Awatef Hamed
2. Turbofan
engines
3. Ramjet engines
4. Turbojet engines
5. Conclusion
6. References
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3.

Awatef Hamed
Awatef Hamed, Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the
University of Cincinnati, provides this explanation:
The term jet propulsion refers to the action produced by a reactor to the ejection of
matter.
The thrust that can be generated is proportional to the mass of material ejected from
the unit in a given time, as well as the increase in the mass velocity with respect to the
unit.
The same forward-thrust force can be produced in two ways:
· by ejecting rearward a large mass of material at a low velocity
· by ejecting a smaller mass of material at higher velocity
The two sources of mass are the propellant, or fuel, and the oxidizer, or air.
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4.

TURBOFAN ENGINES
TURBOFAN ENGINES eject rearward a large mass of material at a low velocity to
produce forward thrust.
The very fuel-efficient turbofan engines used in modern commercial aircraft engines
attempt to minimize [kinetic energy loss].
They impart a moderate increase in the mass velocity to the combustion products for
the large mass of air drawn through the engine in a given time.
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5.

RAMJET ENGINES
RAMJET ENGINES produce thrust by ejecting a smaller mass of material at higher
velocity than do turbofan engines.
The ramjet engine has no moving parts; it produces a ram pressure rise from
decelerating the high-speed inducted air in the inlet diffuser.
The ramjet engine can only operate at high supersonic velocities and therefore requires
another launching device, such as a rocket or turbojet engine, to accelerate it to the
required speed.
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6.

TURBOJET ENGINES
TURBOJET ENGINES – which must support supersonic flight – are less fuel-efficient than
turbofan engines.
In turbojet engines, the inducted air goes through a compressor to increase its pressure
before entering the combustor, then through a turbine before accelerating in the
exhaust nozzle.
Turbojet engines meet more demanding supersonic flight requirements.
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7.

CONCLUSION
Jet propulsion is not just about technology — it is a
testament to human curiosity, intelligence, and the desire
to go further and faster.
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REFERENCES
1. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-youexplain-how-jet-p/?utm_source
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Thank you for your
attention
Samara 2026