Shopping and supermarket habits

1.

2.

Аудирование
Задание 1
Environment and the world
Recycling
Вы
услышите
6
высказываний.
Установите
соответствие
между
высказываниями каждого говорящего A––F и утверждениями, данными в списке
1––7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей
цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы
услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. The benefits of recycling are questionable.
2. Recycling is an inconvenience.
3. Recycling should be profitable for people.
4. We possess more things than we need.
5. Recycling is about reusing what we have.
6. Recycling is the government’s issue.
7. Wealth allows people not to recycle.

3.

Чтение
Задание 10
Environment
Установите соответствие между текстами A––G и заголовками 1––8. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один
заголовок лишний.
1. Show it matters to you
2. Institutions take action
3. Share the cost
4. An effect of what you put on your plate
5. Eco-friendly travel
6. Give them a new life
7. Part of daily routine
8. Proper food management
A. What you eat matters: nearly a quarter of all greenhouse gases come from agriculture, and
most of those are from meat and dairy. Cutting out meat is an easy way to reduce your carbon
footprint, and you’ll save money too. A meat-free diet has been recommended as the “singlebiggest way” an individual can reduce their impact on the planet. Meat and dairy consumption
result in excessive land use, industrial emissions, water use and deforestation. However, make
sure you get all the necessary nutrients with other food.
B. Whatever you choose to eat, try to shop locally and seasonally. You will most likely avoid
the plastic packaging you find in supermarkets, and these products will have a lower carbon
footprint. If you have the space – even just a windowsill will do – try growing some of your
own herbs or vegetables; it’s amazing what you can get from just a window box planter. You
can also reduce food waste by planning meals in advance, eating leftovers and sharing meals
with friends. Reusing food waste as compost is also an eco-friendly action.

4.

1. Show it matters to you
3. Share the cost
5. Eco-friendly travel
7. Part of daily routine
2. Institutions take action
4. An effect of what you put on your plate
6. Give them a new life
8. Proper food management
C. This year scientists devised a planetary health diet, presenting a way to address
the environmental impact of our food choices. It recommends that the global average
consumption of red meat should be cut by half, while vegetables, fruit, pulses and
nuts should double. The growing global call for organisations to take seriously their
responsibilities for halting climate change is impossible to ignore. Universities are
now reacting to this: Goldsmiths has scrapped the sale of all beef products from its
campus as it seeks to become carbon neutral by 2025.
D. Forget fast fashion: keeping your clothes for as long as possible has much more
than just monetary value. In the UK, clothing has the fourth-largest environmental
impact after housing, transport and food. We throw away more than half of our
fast-fashion items within less than a year. So recycle your clothes or mend them. If
you don’t have those skills, see if there’s a sewing society you could join, or head to
a repair shop. Try clothes swaps with friends, and instead of buying new items, head
to a charity or second-hand shop.

5.

1. Show it matters to you
3. Share the cost
5. Eco-friendly travel
7. Part of daily routine
2. Institutions take action
4. An effect of what you put on your plate
6. Give them a new life
8. Proper food management
E. When you start living alone, you do your own decorating, washing, cookingand cleaning.
There are simple ways you can change your habits to live more sustainably. Wash your clothes
at a lower temperature, and opt for a bamboo toothbrush or more eco-friendly sanitary products.
When shopping, see if there’s a zero-waste shop nearby – Sheffield students’ union has opened
a store selling dried food, household products, toiletries and kitchenware all free from plastic
packaging. Just turn up with your own container.
F. Of course, the easiest way to make a difference is to cut out flying. A return trip from
Manchester to Berlin produces about 214 kg of CO2; there are countries where the average
person produces less carbon dioxide in a year. If you are planning a weekend away with new
friends, try and travel by train or bus instead, and it’s even funnier when you have a company!
Cut out just one five-hour flight and your carbon footprint will be a ton lighter. Opt for a hiking
trip to a nearby lake or valley. You will get more exercise and fresh air, too!
G. Individual actions matter, as they demonstrate commitment and provide an alternative way
to live. But campaigning and activism are important too. University campuses can be the
perfect place for this: 91% of students are now concerned about climate change, according to a
survey from the NUS. If you don’t know where or how to start, see if there are any societies at
your university. Students of the fossil free campaign, for example, have brought on huge
changes by calling on their institutions to use less fossil fuel.

6.

Different facts about our world
1. Preparing for danger
3. Interesting sightseeing
5. Nice to look at and good for you
7. Indoors and outdoors
2. Technology and medicine
4. Unusual and extremely difficult
6. Central structure
8. Cold variety
A. All Souls College is one of the most mysterious institutions at Oxford University. It
was founded in the 1400s and stopped accepting undergraduates in the 19th century.
Instead, the college accepts applications only from those who have already achieved the
best undergraduate degrees in the country, and asks its applicants to take an entrance
exam, which is thought to be the hardest in the world. For example, before 2010 one of
the tasks was to write an essay on a single word. Previous words have included “water”,
“style”, “innocence”, and “conversion”.
B. In the 1900s, scientists began using electronic devices to treat living things. They
developed special instruments to help people with disabilities. Some devices, such as
hearing aids and kidney dialysis machines, operate outside the body. Doctors place
other electrical devices inside the body. For example, pacemakers help keep hearts
beating steadily. In addition, scientists learned how to cut and rejoin genes which is
called genetic engineering. This may help cure human diseases.

7.

1. Preparing for danger
3. Interesting sightseeing
5. Nice to look at and good for you
7. Indoors and outdoors
2. Technology and medicine
4. Unusual and extremely difficult
6. Central structure
8. Cold variety
C. Water from hot springs very often contains minerals dissolved from the rocks. Such
springs are called mineral springs. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the
substances that can be dissolved in the spring water. The minerals and organisms that
grow in the water give beautiful colors to the pools and wet rocks around hot springs.
Since ancient times people have thought that such springs were good for their health.
They have traveled there to drink and bathe in the waters. Many spas and resorts grew
up around these picturesque springs.
D. As it is well known, snow consists of tiny crystals of ice. Snowfall is made up of both
single ice crystals and clumps of ice crystals, which are called snowflakes. The way that
ice crystals join together gives every snowflake a unique design. Even so, most
snowflakes have six points or six sides. They form seven basic shapes: stars, needles,
dendrites (having branches), plates, columns, columns capped with plates, and irregular
(damaged). What shape a snowflake takes depends on the temperature and the amount
of moisture in the cloud.

8.

1. Preparing for danger
3. Interesting sightseeing
5. Nice to look at and good for you
7. Indoors and outdoors
2. Technology and medicine
4. Unusual and extremely difficult
6. Central structure
8. Cold variety
E. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, may cause
deadlyocean waves called tsunamis. By the time a tsunami reaches shore, it has gained
tremendoussize and power which is enough to destroy entire coastal villages or towns. Tsunamis
cannot be stopped, but there are ways to defend against them. Scientists around the world watch
for early signs of earthquakes. They also note unusual changes in ocean levels. With this
information, scientists can warn people to leave areas that a tsunami might hit.
F. In order to study things under controlled conditions, some ecologists work in laboratories. For
example, they can experiment to see how plants react to different amounts of light or water. Such
studies are harder in a natural setting because weather and other natural conditions cannot be
controlled. However, many ecologists do work in natural settings. They look at all the different
factors that affectecosystems, or communities of living things. Studies in the outdoors are useful
because they show what is actually happening in the environment.
G. Several cities in Russia were built around fortresses called kremlins. A kremlin was often located
along a river. A wall, a moat, and towers usually separated it from the surrounding parts of the city.
Kremlins contained cathedrals and palaces for princes and bishops as well as government offices
and weapons of war. The most famous kremlin is in central Moscow, which is often called just the
Kremlin. It has long been a symbol of Russia’s power. UNESCO declared the Kremlin and Red
Square a World Heritage site in 1990.

9.

Задание 11
Going green
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A––F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1––7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Going green
Green buildings. Green energy. Green cleaning. Once upon a time, green was just another colour
in your crayon box. It was also a word A__________. In recent years, “green” has become the
universal word for all environmentally friendly things. The happy hum of a washing machine,
B__________ are some of the soothing sounds of home. And there are times when these
appliances are running all at once at your place. But as C__________ pollution. The more energy
your home consumes, the harder power plants have to work, and the more pollution enters the
environment.
As a resident of a fragile planet, you do want to do your part to help the environment. So you
recycle, you use D__________ and you never let the water run while you’re brushing your teeth.
But as you do your part to protect the environment, it’s important E__________ can also improve
your health. For example, reducing carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved in many ways, and
can benefit your health. By deciding to use your bike or walk to work, you benefit both _________.
You reduce your fossil fuel consumption and increase leisure-time physical activity and connect with
others. So, don’t hesitate and go green whenever you can.
1. to keep in mind that living green
2. your health and the local environment
3. biking, walking or working from home
4. public transportation whenever you can
5. clothes dryer, dishwasher and refrigerator
6. the neighbour used to describe your garden
7. your electricity usage goes up, so does the air

10.

Change your food choice
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле
ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
While recycling and refillable water bottles were once the most popular fad among the
environmentally conscious, there is now a more pressing matter for humans to turn their attention
to in order to slow global climate change: the animal industry.
When you navigate to the university website on campus sustainability, you find a list of all of the
ways the University is making an effort to “go green”. A plan to increase levels of recycling on
campus? Great! Printers that reduce paper waste? Fantastic! A garden to collect excess rainwater?
Amazing! Let’s go one step farther. If we’re not actively educating students about the immense
ways our food choices influence the environment, then we’re not doing enough to really serve the
causes we claim to support. It’s not only about giving students the option to eat less meat but telling
them how these choices can influence the future of the environment and create sustainable
change. The question of whether eating meat is bad for the environment is not a question anymore.
And the issue isn’t that people are unwilling to try more plant-based foods or unaware of the perils
the environment is currently in, but rather, it’s that people aren’t aware of the effects their demand
for meat has on the earth. Lean and Green, a student initiative that strives to promote sustainability
on campus through environmentally friendly and healthy diet choices, conducted a study that
showed students don’t fully understand the impact their eating habits have on the environment.
The livestock industry of chickens, cows and pigs produces more greenhouse gas emissions that
all cars and trucks combined, according to Greenpeace. So as we eat more meat, the demand for
meat likewise goes up and increases those gases. But when we eat more meat alternatives
instead, like nuts or tofu, we can make a big difference. According to Walter, if a person went
vegetarian for a year, they would produce three times less carbon than if they were to purchase a
hybrid car. And interestingly, more than 92 percent of responders said they would like to see more
plant-based foods in the university dining halls. So it’s clear that students are willing to eat less
meat and explore more veggie-friendly options. But what’s not clear for students is why these
options are imperative for making choices that help our planet.

11.

With the student population of about 34,000, the University has the capability to make
significant changes for the future of the environment. Give the students want they want – which
is more diverse plant-based options – but also tell them why they should want it. Informing
students about why these options are environmentally favorable can only inspire students to
choose them more often. Posters throughout the dining halls, informational email campaigns,
programs in residence halls and even financial incentives can help inform students and shape
their knowledge and decision-making.
In conjunction with offering more vegetarian options, letting non-vegetarian students know
about the sustainable benefits that come from choosing these foods can encourage them to eat
them more often.
The animal industry is only going to grow if people keep eating meat. If our university wants to
have an impact and keep up its reputation as environmentally conscious, it should ensure its
students know how they can do their part to help the earth.
12. What should people consider to cut in relation to the climate change, according to the
author?
1) Use of refillable bottles.
2) Meat production.
3) Level of environmental consciousness.
4) Development of eco-industry.
13. The author thinks that the university’s environmental efforts are …
1) incomplete.
2) irregular.
3) naive.
4) too specific.

12.

14. The author thinks that her university can affect the environmental campaign by …
1) reducing meat options in menus on campus.
2) creating and offering new vegetarian dishes.
3) educating students about ecological problems.
4) increasing awareness of the harm the meat industry may incur.
15. The study conducted by Lean and Green showed that the students …
1) initiate environmental campaigns on campus.
2) are ready to change their eating habits.
3) prefer environmentally friendly food options.
4) are unaware of dangerous effects of a meat diet.
16. The author used the Greenpeace data to show that …
1) the animal industry harms the environment greatly.
2) transport is the main source of greenhouse gases production.
3) hybrid cars can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
4) vegetarian food is much healthier for a person.
17. “It” in “… why they should want it” (paragraph 7) refers to …
1) ecological action.
2) vegetarian food.
3) informed choice.
4) dietary change.
18. What does the author say in the last paragraph?
1) The university should become environmentally friendly.
2) Environmentally conscious people should stop eating meat.
3) The university should educate its students about meat industry.
4) Ecological education can improve the university’s reputation.

13.

Грамматика и лексика
Задания 19–24 (19–25)
Snow sounds / Fool Day
19
Strange but true
Do you like walking along snowy streets? Many people enjoy
20
It is because they love the sound of the snow creaking under their_____________. FOOT
____________ it. DO
21 It is interesting that you can hear this sound only if it is around – because of the snow
structure. If it is warmer or colder, you __________________ hear it. NOT CAN
A great joke
On April 1 British media always play jokes on their audience.
22 One of the __________________ media jokes is definitely the one of the BBC.
GOOD
23 On April 1, 1957 British people __________________ a fake film about growing spaghetti
in Switzerland. SHOW
24 The presenter __________________ the surprised viewers that Swiss farmers gathered
spaghetti right from spaghetti trees. TELL
25 The BBC received many phone calls from people who hoped they __________________
able to grow spaghetti in the UK and asked for spaghetti seeds. BE

14.

Задания 25–29 (26–31)
The Commonwealth of Nations
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами
в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они
грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски
полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.
Have you heard about the Commonwealth of Nations?
25 It is __________________ known as the Commonwealth. NORMAL
26 It is a __________________ association of 53 member states, nearly all of them former
territories of the British Empire. POLITICS
27 The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century when the former territories
of the British Empire gained more __________________. INDEPENDENT
28 The Head of the Commonwealth is still the British monarch who appoints ______________ in
the realms. GOVERN
29 It is __________________ to imagine the modern world without the Commonwealth now
where the countries are united by the English language and culture. POSSIBLE
30 It is a union of the __________________ importance. GLOBE

15.

Задания 30–36 (32–38)
The effect of the temperature
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера
соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов.
Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами
варианту ответа.
Many people believe that office conditions can influence our work. For a 30______ time
achieving a comfortable room temperature in hot climates was a constant struggle.
Research discovered an obvious fact: finding an office temperature to 31______ everyone all
the time is basically impossible. “Part of the problem is trying to work out the “correct”
temperature. It depends 32______ what you’re measuring,” said researcher David House. One
study 33______ at the impact of the room temperature on worker productivity, by tracking the
activity of managers in an office. 34______ it measured the activity of just nine women, the
results were impressive. At 25°C they were typing non-stop with an error rate of just 10%.
When the temperature dropped to 20°C, they were half as productive, more than doubling the
number of mistakes.
30 1) huge
2) high
3) big
4) long
31 1) please
2) amuse
3) enjoy
4) prefer
32 1) in
2) from
3) on
4) for
33 1) observed
2) looked
3) watched
4) glanced
34 1) Although
2) Moreover 3) Therefore
4) However

16.

But it’s not quite that simple. When students in the other study were asked to solve a math
problem in either a cool or a warm room, the group in the cooler room 35______ in this task
twice as often. It means that complex decisions are more difficult when we’re warm.
When the temperature is above 27°C, we’re not so good at mathematics. In fact, the room
temperature can do more than influence your productivity – it can change the way you think.
Warm environments are better for creative thinking, while cooler workplaces are thought to
36______ people active during repetitive or monotonous tasks.
35 1) fulfilled
2) managed 3) achieved
4) succeeded
36 1) stay
2) gain
4) hold
3) keep

17.

Устная часть
Задание 1
Saving water
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material
for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the
text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
If you want to think and live green, the first thing you should reconsider is how you use
water. Water shortages are a big problem all over the world. So, it is important to get
serious about saving water. Check if there is any leak and fix it as you may be losing a
lot of water because of it.
There are also many lifestyle changes you can introduce to save more water. Don't run
the tap when you brush your teeth. It's also a good idea to install a special water-saving
shower head. You may also shorten your time in the shower and prefer showers to
baths. If you are going to use a dishwasher or a washing machine, make sure it's full. It
will also help you to save water and energy. You can use only cold water to wash your
linen and collect grey water for watering plants. Finally, a lot of water is wasted in the
kitchen while cooking or rinsing dishes, so install special devices to control the use of
water in the kitchen.

18.

Задание 3
Environmental problems
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the
questions (2–3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Hello! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel and today we are going to discuss
environmental problems. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia. We’d like to know your
point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
1. What do you think of environmental problems? Are these important personally for
you?
2. What do you think is the most dangerous environmental problem of our time?
Why?
3. Are there any ecological problems in the place where you live? What can you tell
us about them?
4. Are there any ecological activists' groups in your region? What do they do?
5. Do you agree that all of us should contribute to saving the planet? What can we do
to help the environment?