History of Space Exploration

1.

History of Space Exploration
• Since ancient times, humanity has dreamed of
space. Over time, scientific discoveries made
its study possible. The development of
astronomy, rocket science, and fundamental
physics became the key to exploring the
Universe.

2.

Space Exploration Before Flights
• 1. Ancient civilizations observed the stars and
created calendars.
• 2. In the 17th century, Galileo Galilei used a
telescope to study celestial bodies.
• 3. In the 19th–20th centuries, aerodynamics
and rocket theory were developed.
• 4. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky formulated the
theory of spaceflight and proposed the
concept of a multi-stage rocket.
• 5. In the 1940s, German V-2 rockets became

3.

Unmanned Space Flights
• 1. On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched the
first artificial satellite, Sputnik-1.
• 2. In 1959, the Luna-2 spacecraft became the
first to reach the Moon's surface.
• 3. The USA and USSR launched numerous
satellites and probes to Venus, Mars, and
other planets.
• 4. In 1977, NASA launched the Voyager 1 and
Voyager 2 probes, which explored deep space.

4.

Manned Space Missions
• 1. On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the
first human in space aboard Vostok-1.
• 2. The USA developed the Apollo program,
and on July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Aldrin walked on the Moon.
• 3. In 1971, the USSR launched the first space
station, Salyut-1.
• 4. In 1986, the Mir space station was
launched, marking an important step in longterm space missions.

5.

Competition and Cooperation
• 1. During the Cold War, the USSR and the USA
competed for leadership in space exploration.
• 2. In 1975, the first joint flight of Soyuz-Apollo
took place.
• 3. Since the 1990s, international cooperation
in space programs has increased, including the
ISS.
• 4. In the 21st century, private companies
(SpaceX, Blue Origin) have started developing
space technologies.