The Family

1.

Alex, 9
Lucy, 17

2.

Ben, 39
Grace, 42
Alex, 9
Lucy, 17

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

informal
formal
older brother/sister
elder brother/sister
adjective
noun
older than me
older than I
female
male
a female
a male

9.

Let’s take a look at Alex’s family tree. Alex is not
an only child in his family. He has an older/elder
sister called Lucy. Alex and Lucy are brother
and sister, or they are siblings. Alex is Lucy’s
brother/sibling. Lucy is Alex’s sister/sibling.
Alex, 9
Lucy, 17
2015
2007
Lucy is 17 years old, Alex is 9. So Lucy is 8 years older than Alex. And Alex is 8
years younger than Lucy. Lucy sometimes calls her younger brother ‘my little
brother’, or ‘my bro’. And Alex sometimes calls her ‘sis’. Alex does not have any
other sisters. Lucy is his only sister. And Lucy does not have other brothers. Alex
is her only brother.

10.

Ben and Grace are Alex and Lucy’s parents. Grace is Alex
and Lucy’s mother. Lucy always calls her mum (Ammom) or ma. Alex always calls her mummy (Am-mommy).
Ben is Alex and Lucy’s father. Lucy always calls
Ben, 39
Grace, 42
1985
1982
him dad or pa. Alex always calls him daddy. Ben and
Grace are husband and wife, or they are spouses. Ben is
Grace’s husband/spouse. Grace is Ben’s wife/spouse.
They have two children together, a boy and a girl. They
often call them kids. Alex is their son and Lucy is their
Alex, 9
Lucy, 17
2015
2007
daughter. Ben and Grace have no other sons, so Alex is their only son. They also
have no other daughters, so Lucy is their only daughter.

11.

Ben’s mother is called Olivia. Her husband’s
name is Noah. He’s Ben’s dad. Noah is 65
years old and Olivia is 62, so Noah is 3
years older than Olivia. Noah and Olivia are
Noah, 65
Olivia, 62
George, 76
Amelia, 75
1959
1962
1948
1949
Ben’s parents and Alex and Lucy’s grandparents.
Noah is Alex and Lucy’s grandfather, but they
normally call him granddad or grandpa. Alex also
often calls him granddaddy. Olivia is Alex and
Ben, 39
Grace, 42
1985
1982
Lucy’s grandmother, but they normally call
her grandma or granny. Alex likes to call
her grandmummy, especially when they play
Alex, 9
Lucy, 17
2015
2007
together. Alex and Lucy are Noah and Olivia’s grandchildren.

12.

Alex is their grandson, and Lucy is their granddaughter. But Noah and Olivia
are not Alex and Lucy’s only grandparents. They also have another
grandfather called George and another grandmother called Amelia. George and
Amelia are Grace’s parents. George is her father, and Amelia is her mother. George
is 76 years old, and Amelia is 75. So Amelia is just one year younger than her
husband. Grace is their daughter. Alex and Lucy are their grandchildren. Alex is
George and Amelia’s grandson, and Lucy is George and Amelia’s granddaughter.
Noah and Olivia are Lucy and Alex’s grandparents on their father’s side because
they are their dad’s parents. George and Amelia are Lucy and Alex’s
grandparents on their mother’s side because they are their mum’s parents.

13.

Julia
Clara
Beatrix
1938-2007
1924-1987
1930-2006
John
Keith
Henry
George
1920-1998
1929-1986
1925-2016
1935-2004
Annabel
1929-2013
Noah, 65
Olivia, 62
George, 76
Amelia, 75
1959
1962
1948
1949
Olivia’s
mother
is
called
He was born in the year 1920
Clara. She was born in 1924, it
and was 4 years older than
was a very long time ago, in
Ben, 39
Grace, 42
1985
1982
Clara. John and Clara are
the previous century. Clara
Olivia’s
was married to John. John was
grandparents
her husband.
Alex, 9
Lucy, 17
2015
2007
Ben’s
parents,
and
Alex
and
Lucy’s great-grandparents.

14.

John is Alex and Lucy’s great-grandfather, or great-granddad, or great-grandpa.
Clara is Alex and Lucy’s great-grandmother, or great-grandma. Alex and Lucy are
their great-grandchildren. Alex is their great-grandson. Lucy is their great-
granddaughter.
Noah’s mother is called Julia. She was born in 1938. Her husband’s name is Keith.
He is Noah’s father. Keith was born in 1935, so he is 3 years older than Julia. Keith
and Julia are Noah’s parents, Ben’s grandparents and Alex and Lucy’s greatgrandparents.
Amelia’s mother is called Annabel. She was born in 1929. Annabel was married to
Henry, Amelia’s father. Henry was Annabel’s husband. He was also born in 1929, so
Annabel and Henry were born in the same year. Henry and Annabel are Amelia’s
parents, Grace’s grandparents and Alex and Lucy’s great-grandparents.

15.

George’s mother is called Beatrix. She was born in 1930. Her husband’s name
is George. Alex and Lucy’s grandfather George was called ‘George’ after his
father. Beatrix called them ‘George Senior’ and ‘George Junior’, or just ‘Senior’
and ‘Junior’. George Senior was born in 1934, so he was 4 years younger than
Beatrix. George (Senior) and Beatrix are George’s parents, Grace’s grandparents
and Alex and Lucy’s great-grandparents.

16.

Alexander
1855
Leslie
1967
Nikolai
1858
Anton ChekhovMaria
1860
1863
Jennifer Lopez
1969
Lynda
1971
Mikhail
1865
Sarah
1955
Eric
1956
Jane
1957
Lisa
1965
Julia Roberts
1967
John Princess Diana Charles
1964
1960 1961

17.

Paul Chekhov
1825
Alexander
1855
Nikolai
1858
Eugenia Morozova
1835
Anton ChekhovMaria
1860
1863
Mikhail
1865

18.

Walter Roberts
1933-1977
Eric
1956
Lisa
1965
Betty Lou Bredemus
1934-2015
Julia Roberts
1967

19.

Shand Kydd
1936-2004
Sarah
1955
Jane
1957
John Spencer
1924-1992
John Princess Diana Charles
1964
1960 1961

20.

David Lopez
1941
Guadalupe Rodriguez
1945
Leslie
1967
Jennifer Lopez
1969
Lynda
1971

21.

David Lopez
1941
Leslie Lopez
1967
Guadalupe Rodriguez
1945
Jennifer Lopez
1969
Lynda Lopez
1971

22.

Comparative Degree
сравнительная степень
1 СЛОГ
3+ СЛОГОВ
-er
more …
cheap – cheaper
new – newer
expensive – more expensive
beautiful – more beautiful

23.

Comparative Degree
сравнительная степень
2 СЛОГА
-er
more …
cheap – cheaper
new – newer
expensive – more expensive
beautiful – more beautiful

24.

far далёкий
good хороший
well чувствующий себя хорошо
bad плохой
old brother/sister
little brother/sister
a lot (of)/much/many много
little мало
further/farther дальше
better лучше
better чувствующий себя лучше
worse хуже
older/elder brother/sister
younger brother/sister
more больше
less меньше

25.

_____ than usual
чем обычно
older than ___
more expensive than ___

26.

man/woman old/young
house
big/small
weight heavy/light
shoes
expensive/cheap
fast/slow
camera
expensive/cheap

27.

mountain
high/low
road dangerous/safe
box
big/small

28.

29.

30.

ДРУГОЙ (+ sg. countable noun)
the second of 2
the opposite
the other (+ N/one)
one other (+ N/one)
my other (+ N/one)
this other (+ N/one)
that other (+ N/one)

31.

one leg
one foot
one eye
one arm
one ear
one hand
one lip

32.

one sock
one shoe
one girl
one bank
of the river
one side
of the road
one way

33.

34.

35.

one more
another (+ N/one)

36.

ДРУГОЙ (+ sg. countable noun)
different
another (+ N/one)
one other (+ N/one)
my other (+ N/one)
some other (+ N/one)
any other (+ N/one)
this other (+ N/one)
that other (+ N/one)
no other (+ N/one)

37.

the second of 2
the opposite
the other
one other
my other
this other
that other
one more
different
another
another
one other
my other
this other
that other
some other
any other
no other

38.

OTHER (+N/one)
THE OTHER
ANOTHER
___ + OTHER
the second of 2
the opposite
one more
different
different
The bank is on the other
side of the street.
May I have another cup
of tea?
Alex is your brother, but who is
Jeff? - Jeff is my other brother.
There’s only one sock.
Where is the other?
This idea is bad. We need
another.
There’s just one way and no
other.

39.

OTHER + N/ones
OTHER
THE OTHER
___ OTHER
the rest of
ANOTHER +
NUMBER
___ more
different
She lives in the USA and likes to
travel to other countries.
There are only 3 pencils in the box.
Where are the other pencils?
This dress is rather cheap. My other
dresses are more expensive.
Peter is in his room. The other
children are outside.

40.

the other way round
о ситуации, произошедшей
противоположным образом, наоборот
one after another/the other
один за другим

41.

one way or another/the other
так или иначе
тем или иным способом
the other day/night
на днях

42.

the other night
на днях (вечером или ночью)

43.

ДРУГОЙ (+ sg. countable noun)
the second of 2
one more
different
the other
my other
I have 2 bathrooms in my house. One of
them has a shower, and the other doesn’t.
(yet) another
one other
I have (yet) another question.
another
some other
any other
My other bathroom doesn’t have a shower.
You already know Sam. But I also have
one other brother called George.
If this cable doesn’t fit, we can buy
another/some other cable.
Do you have another/any other idea?

44.

Singular
the other
другой (из 2-х)
another

45.

old старый
slow медленный
cheap дешёвый
nice хороший
late поздний
big большой
hot горячий
thin худой
easy простой
heavy тяжёлый
early ранний
older старее
slower медленнее
cheaper дешевее
nicer лучше
later позднее
bigger больше
hotter горячее
thinner худее
easier проще
heavier тяжелее
earlier раньше

46.

Comparative Degree
сравнительная степень
короткие прилагательные
1 слог
более длинные прилагательные
the oldest
the nicest
the slowest
the latest
the cheapest
old
nice
slow
late
careful
expensive
polite
interesting
older
nicer
slower
later

47.

old
nice
slow
late
cheap
big
Comparative Degree
Superlative Degree
сравнительная степень
превосходная степень
к коротким прилагательным (1 слог)
прибавляем суффикс
к более длинным
прилагательным прибавляем
older
nicer
slower
later
cheaper
the oldest
the nicest
the slowest
the latest
the cheapest

48.

Alexander III
Romanov
1845-1894
Maria Romanova
1847-1928
Ludwig IV
1837-1892
Princess Alice
1843-1878
Nikolai II Romanov
1868-1918
Olga
1895-1918
Tatiana
1897-1918
Alexandra Romanova
1872-1918
Maria
1899-1918
Anastasia
1901-1918
Alexei
1904-1918

49.

Francis
Keough
?
?
4 - Michael
Lockwood
1961
3 - Nicolas
Cage
1964
2 - Michael
Jackson
1958-2009
Janette
Keough
1 - Danny
Keough
1964
Elvis
Presley
1935-1977
Lisa Marie Presley
1968-2023
Finley & Harper
2008
Riley
1989
Benjamin
1992-2020
Priscilla
Presley
1945

50.

Superlative Degree
превосходная степень
1 СЛОГ
3+ СЛОГОВ
the __est
the most __
cheap – the cheapest
new – the newest
expensive – the most expensive
beautiful – the most beautiful

51.

far
good
well
bad
old brother/sister
little brother/sister
a lot (of)/much/many
little
the furthest/farthest
the best
the best
the worst
the oldest/eldest brother/sister
the youngest brother/sister
the most
the least

52.

in – в
of – кого/чего (Род. п.)
one of ____s – один из
ever + Present Perfect
have/has + V3

53.

54.

55.

before a noun
after a linking verb
an old shoe
This shoe is old.
angry birds
The birds got angry.

56.

Fact adjectives
Opinion adjectives
называют факты
выражают мнение
size a big pile
shape a round ball
age an old shoe
colour a red dress
nationality French wine
material leather shoes
general a nice girl
могут выражать мнение
про множество вещей
specific a friendly cat
могут выражать мнение
только про ограниченный круг вещей

57.

GENERAL
OPINION
Brie is a
He is a
SPECIFIC
OPINION
SIZE
delicious
nice
AGE
MATERIAL
French
new
OPINION ADJECTIVES
NATIONALITY
cheese.
young
intelligent
lovely
COLOUR
round
I love your
That’s a
SHAPE
man.
green
little
dress.
china
FACT ADJECTIVES
cup.

58.

обычные
отглагольные с -ING
отглагольные с -ED
вызывающий чувство/эффект
испытывающий чувство/эффект
The spider is frightening.
The fireworks are amazing.
The roller coaster was thrilling.
The wasp is annoying.
The vacation is relaxing.
The book is too confusing.
Your lecture was interesting.
The final scene was really shocking.
That film was very boring.
The man is frightened.
She is amazed.
They were thrilled.
He is annoyed.
He is relaxed.
I was confused with it.
I was interested by your lecture.
Everyone was really shocked.
I was very bored.

59.

GRADABLE
NON-GRADABLE
поддающиеся градации
не поддающиеся градации
их можно усилить или ослабить,
поставив перед ними наречие
описывают абсолютные качества,
которые не поддаются градации
самые сильные версии gradable adjectives
в них уже заложена экстремальная степень
fantastic, awful, hilarious, terrifying, boiling,
terrified
extremely
very
really
reasonably
fairly
pretty
not very
not really
not particularly
extreme
good
talented
delicious
absolute
описывают фиксированные качества или
состояния
unique, perfect, impossible, certain
classifying
показывают принадлежность к
определенному типу или классу
American, nuclear, medical

60.

than – чем
then – тогда, затем, потом
farther – for physical distances
further – for figurative distances

61.

a lot
much
a bit
slightly
much
far

62.

The tree is a lot/much taller than the building.
The tree is a bit/slightly taller than the building.
The palace is much/far more beautiful than the factory.
The mountain is much taller than the hill.
The castle is slightly bigger than the hotel.
The house is a bit taller than the statue.
The dress is a lot more expensive than the shoes.