t2-e-1512-making-singular-nouns-plural-powerpoint_ver_1

1.

2.

Singular and Plural
The word singular
means just one of
something.
The word plural means more than
one of something.
houses
a house
a dog
dogs

3.

Singular and Plural
The word singular is very similar to
single. This can help us remember the
meanings of singular and plural.

4.

Most singular nouns form the plural by adding –s.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
boat
boats
car
cars
house
houses
tree
trees

5.

Singular nouns ending in ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘z’, ‘ch’ or ‘sh’ form
the plural by adding –es.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
bus
boat
buses
boats
box
car
boxes
cars
church
house
churches
houses
wish
tree
wishes
trees
Try saying ‘buss’, ‘boxs’ or
‘wishs’ and you will see why
nouns which end in a hissing
sound use –es in the plural!

6.

Singular nouns ending in a consonant and the letter ‘y’
form the plural by dropping the ‘y’ and adding –ies.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
penny
bus
pennies
buses
baby
box
babies
boxes
daisy
church
daisies
churches
spy
wish
spies
wishes

7.

Singular nouns ending in a vowel and the letter ‘y’
form the plural by simply adding –s.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
boy
penny
boys
pennies
toy
baby
toys
babies
valley
daisy
valleys
daisies
tray
spy
trays
spies

8.

BUT…
So, most of the
The English language has some
time, we make
a
rule-breaking
nouns in it. These
are nouns that have their own
plural noun by
adding an -s,special
-es rules or spellings for
making them into plurals.
or –ies.

9.

Some singular nouns ending in ‘o’ form the
plural by adding –s.
BUT…
ost of the
The English language has some
we make a
rule-breaking
nouns in it. These
Naomi’s Notes
are nouns that have their own
l noun by
g an -s, singular
-es
form special
pluralrules
formor spellings for
making them into plurals.
s.
piano
pianos
solo
solos
photo
photos
memo
memos
kilo
kilos
video
videos

10.

But some singular nouns ending in ‘o’ form
the plural by adding –es!
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
potato
piano
potatoes
pianos
hero
solo
heroes
solos
tomato
photo
tomatoes
photos
echo
memo
echoes
memos
torpedo
kilo
torpedoes
kilos
domino
video
dominoes
videos

11.

Nouns that end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ usually form the
plural by dropping the ‘f’ and adding -ves.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
thief
potato
thieves
potatoes
knife
hero
knives
heroes
wife
tomato
wives
tomatoes
elf
echo
elves
echoes
leaf
torpedo
leaves
torpedoes
domino
dominoes

12.

However, some nouns that end in ‘f’ form
the plural by simply adding -s.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
cliff
thief
cliffs
thieves
earmuff
knife
earmuffs
knives
foodstuff
wife
foodstuffs
wives
cuff
elf
cuffs
elves
playoff
leaf
playoffs
leaves
roof
roofs

13.

If you can hear the sound ‘f’ in the
plural noun, you probably spell the
plural form with an ‘f’.
cliffs
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
cliff
cliffs
puffs
earmuffs
If youearmuff
can hear a ‘v’
sound, then you
will probably
use a -ves plural.
foodstuffs
foodstuffneed to
cuff
wives
playoff
roof
cuffs
playoffs
lives roofs

14.

Some tricky nouns are the same in the
singular and the plural forms.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
sheep
sheep
fish
fish
deer
deer
aircraft
aircraft
species
species

15.

Pairs of things usually only
have a plural form.
Naomi’s Notes
jeans
The singular form is
not ‘jean’. It is a ‘pair of
jeans’.
singular form
plural form
sheep
sheep
fish
fish
deer
deer
aircraft
aircraft
species
species

16.

Pairs of things usually only
have a plural form.
scissors
binoculars
trousers
glasses
jeans
The singular form is
not ‘jean’. It is a ‘pair of
jeans’.

17.

Words from Other Languages
Many English nouns have been taken from other
languages. These words behave differently.
The plurals are formed as they would be in the original language.
Some nouns in this group can
also use an English plural –s or –es.
These nouns are shown in the following slides.

18.

Singular Greek and Latin nouns ending in
‘a’ add an –e to form the plural.
Naomi’s Notes
singular
form
plural
form
larva
larvae
alga
algae
formula
formulae
formulas
antenna
antennae
antennas
English plural
form

19.

Singular Greek and Latin nouns ending in
‘is’ change it to –es to form the plural.
Naomi’s
Notes
Naomi’s
Notes
singular
Englishform
plural
singularplural
form
plural
form
form
form
analyses
analysis
larvae
larva
crises
crisis
algae
alga
oases
oasis
formulas
formulae
formula
diagnoses
diagnosis
antennas
antennae
antenna

20.

Singular Greek nouns ending in ‘on’ change
it to –a to form the plural.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
criterion
analysis
criteria
analyses
phenomenon
crisis
phenomena
crises
automaton
oasis
automata
oases
diagnosis
diagnoses

21.

Singular Latin nouns ending in ‘ix’ or ‘ex’
use –ices to form the plural.
Naomi’s
Naomi’s
Notes
Notes
singular
Englishform
plural
singularplural
form
plural
form
form
form
criteria
criterion
analyses
analysis
indexes
indices
index
phenomenon
phenomena
crises
crisis
appendixes
appendix appendices
automata
automaton
oases
oasis
matrixes
matrices
matrix
diagnoses
diagnosis

22.

Singular Latin nouns ending in ‘um’ use –a
to form the plural.
Naomi’s Notes
singular
form
plural
form
English plural
form
datum
index
data
indices
indexes
bacterium
appendix
appendices
bacteria
appendixes
matrix
stadium
matrices
stadia
matrixes
stadiums
curriculum
curricula
curriculum

23.

Most singular Latin nouns ending in ‘us’
change to –i to form the plural.
Naomi’s Notes
singular
form
plural
form
English plural
form
fungus
datum
index
fungi
data
indices
funguses
indexes
octopus
bacterium
appendix
appendices
octopi
bacteria
octopuses
appendixes
matrix
cactus
stadium
matrices
cacti
stadia
matrixes
cactuses
stadiums
curriculum
focus
foci
curricula
focuses
curriculum

24.

Singular French nouns ending in ‘eau’ or
‘eu’ add –x to form the plural.
Naomi’s
Notes
Naomi’s
Notes
singular
Englishform
plural
singularplural
form
plural
form
form
form
chateaux
chateau
funguses
indexes
fungi
data
indices
fungus
datum
index
gateaux
gateau
appendices
octopuses
appendixes
octopi
bacteria
octopus
bacterium
appendix
matrix
cactus
stadium
matrices
cacti
stadia
matrixes
cactuses
stadiums
curriculum
focus
foci
curricula
focuses
curriculum

25.

Singular Italian nouns ending in ‘o’ change
to -i to form the plural.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
virtuoso
chateau
chateaux
virtuosi
graffito
gateau
gateaux
graffiti
paparazzo
paparazzi

26.

Some nouns are completely irregular and
do not follow any of these patterns.
Naomi’s Notes
singular form
plural form
virtuoso
chateau
chateaux
virtuosi
graffito
gateau
gateaux
graffiti
paparazzo
paparazzi

27.

Some nouns are completely irregular and
do not follow any of these patterns.
Naomi’s Notes
These plurals are called mutated
(or mutating) plurals.
singular form
plural form
foot
feet
child
children
woman
person
people
women
tooth
teeth
mouse
mice
The plural form of
women is not ‘womans’.

28.

Making Singular English Nouns Plural
singular form
to form the plural…
plural form
boat
add -s
boats
bus
add -es
buses
penny
drop y, add -ies
pennies
piano
add -s
pianos
domino
add -es
dominoes
thief
drop f, add -ves
thieves
cliff
add -s
cliffs
sheep
do nothing
sheep
trousers
do nothing
trousers
die
change the word
dice
foot
change the word
feet
person
change the word
people

29.

Making Singular Nouns from Other Languages Plural
singular form
to form the plural…
plural form
larva
add -e
larvae
formula
add -e or -s
formulae/formulas
analysis
change -i to an -e
analyses
phenomenon
drop -on, add -a
phenomena
index
drop -x, add -ices, or add -s
indices/indexes
stadium
drop -um, add -a, or add -s
stadia/stadiums
fungus
drop -us, add -i, or add -es
fungi/funguses
chateau
add -x
chateaux
graffito
change -o to -i
graffiti

30.

Quiz
How much do you remember
about plural nouns?
Incorrect.
Correct!
1
What is the plural form
of ‘cuff’?
Well
Try again!
done!
a
cuffes
b
cuff
c
cuves
d
cuffs
Next

31.

Quiz
How much do you remember
about plural nouns?
Incorrect.
Correct!
2
What is the plural form
of ‘sheep’?
Well
Try again!
done!
a
sheeps
b
sheepes
c
sheep
d
sheepies
Next

32.

Quiz
How much do you remember
about plural nouns?
Incorrect.
Correct!
3
What is the plural form
of ‘piano’?
Well
Try again!
done!
a
pianos
b
pianoes
c
pianers
d
pians
Next

33.

Quiz
How much do you remember
about plural nouns?
Incorrect.
Correct!
4
What is the plural form
of ‘scissors’?
Well
Try again!
done!
a
scissorses
b
scissers
c
scissors
d
scissories
Next

34.

Quiz
How much do you remember
about plural nouns?
Incorrect.
Correct!
5
What is the plural form
of ‘foot’?
Well
Try again!
done!
a
feet
b
feets
c
foot
d
foots
Finish