Grammar support

1. Grammar support

5 Form

2. Personal pronouns

I–Я
You – ты, вы
He – он (одушевленное)
She - она
It - он, она, оно (неодушевленное)
We - мы
They - они

3. To be

I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are

4. To be (questions)

Am I ?
Are you?
Is he, she, it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
Examples
Am I late?
Are you late?
Is he late?
Are we late?
Are you late?
Are they late?

5. To be (negative form)

I am not tall.
You are not tall.
He is not tall.
She is not tall.
We are not tall.
You are not tall.
They are not tall.

6. Shortened forms

I’m Nelly
You’re from Russia
She’s Russian
He’s in Oxford
It’s great
We’re fine
They’re writers

7. Numerals

1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
20 twenty
13 thirteen
30 thirty
14 fourteen
40 forty
15 fifteen
50 fifty
16 sixteen
60 sixty
17 seventeen
70 seventy
18 eighteen
80 eighty
19 nineteen
90 ninety
100 one hundred

8. Have got (иметь)

I have got a dog
You have got a dog
We have got a dog
He has got a dog
She has got a dog
They have got a dog

9. Have got (questions and negative forms)

I have not got a cat.
He has not got a cat.
Have you got a cat?
Has she got a dog?

10. Have got (shortened forms)

I’ve got a hamster.
You’ve got a hamster.
He’s got a hamster.
She’s got a hamster.
We’ve got a hamster.
They’ve got a hamster.

11. Plurals of nouns (множественное число существительных)

Для образования множественного числа
существительных нужно к существительному
добавить окончание –S или –ES
A squirrel – squirrels
A chicken – chickens
A bird – birds
A cat – cats
A duck – ducks

12. Правила чтения окончаний –S и –es

- S, -ES
[z]после гласных
и звонких согласных
a cow - cows
[s]после глухих [iz]после шипящих
согласных
A cat - cats
и свистящих
An ostrich -ostriches

13. Exceptions

A mouse – mice (мышь)
A tooth – teeth зуб(ы)
A goose – geese (гуси)
А man – men (мужчина)
A woman – women (женщина)
A child – children (ребенок – дети)
A foot – feet (нога)
A sheep – sheep (овца)

14. Possessive Pronouns (притяжательные местоимения)

I – my pet
(мой, моя, мое, мои)
You – your pet (твой, твои, ваш,
ваши)
He – his pet (его)
She – her pet (ее)
We – our pet (наш, наша, наше,
наши)
They – their pet (их)

15. Possessive Case (притяжательный падеж)

Для того чтобы сказать, чье это имя,
кому принадлежит какая-либо вещь, к
существительному или имени
собственному добавляетcя –S.
My mother’s name is Nancy. – Имя моей
мамы – Нэнси.
Во множественном числе добавляется
окончание ‘ (апостроф)
My parents’ names are Henry and Nancy. –
Имена моих родителей – Генри и Нэнси.

16. Degrees of Comparison

Сравнительная степень
Односложные и двусложные
прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на –y и
–er: добавляем –er
Tall – Taller (выше)
clever – cleverer (умнее)
Многосложные прилагательные: добавляем
more (более)
Dangerous – more dangerous (более опасный)
Beautiful – more beautiful (более красивый)

17. Превосходная степень

Односложные и двусложные прилагательные,
заканчивающиеся на – y, - er: добавляем – est
Tall – the tallest
Lazy – the laziest
Clever – the cleverest
К многосложным прилагательным добавляем most
Dangerous – the most dangerous (самый опасный)
Beautiful – the most beautiful (самый красивый)

18. Исключения

Good – better –the best (хороший –
лучше – наилучший)
Bad – worse – the worst (плохой –
хуже – наихудший)
many/much – more – the most (много
– больше – наибольший)
Little – less –the least (маленький –
меньше – наименьший)

19. Оборот There is/are (наличие – отсутствие предмета)

There is Buckingham Palace in London. – В
Лондоне есть Букингемский дворец.
There are a lot of parks in London. – В Лондоне
много парков.
Is there a castle in your city? – В твоем городе есть
замок? (Yes, there is. No, there is not)
Are there any cafes there? –
Там есть какие –
нибудь кафе? (Yes, there are. No, there are not.)

20. Prepositional Phrases

In the middle of - посередине
On the corner of the street – на углу улицы
On the left - слева
On the right - справа
In front of – перед, напротив
Next to - рядом
Opposite - напротив
Behind - позади
In the street – на улице

21. Tenses

22. Present Simple Tense (statements)

-I, you, we, they + V1:
We read books every day
-He, she, it + V1(S):
-He reads books every day

23. Present Simple Tense (questions)

Do + (I, you, we, they) + V1?
Example: Do you read books?
Does + (he, she, it) + V1?
Example: Does she read books?

24. Present Simple Tense (negotiations)

I, you, we, they + do not (don’t) +
V1.
Example: I don’t read books.
He, she, it + does not (doesn’t) +
V1.
Example: He doesn’t read books.

25. I go to school every day. Linda goes to school every day. Do you go to school every day? Does Linda go to school every day? I

do not go to school every day.
Linda does not go to school every
day.

26. Morning: to get up – вставать to exercise – делать зарядку to wash one’s face – умываться to have breakfast – завтракать to go

to school
Afternoon: to have dinner – обедать
to go home – идти домой
Evening: to read
to play the computer games
to do homework
to have supper – ужинать
to go to bed – ложиться спать
to watch TV
to listen to music

27. Present Meaning

Обычно
Usually
often
every
Sometimes
Always
в настоящий момент
Simple
I
+ V1
You
We
They
He
+V1s
She
+V1s
Вспомогательный
глагол Do Does
Progressive
I am +
Ving
You are
We are
They are
He is
She is
Вспомогательный
глагол Am is Are
I usually watch TV
In the evenings
I am watching TV now
now
at the moment
Началось и длится
Since
For
Already
Just
Yet
This ……
Ever
Never
Perfect
I have
+V3
You have
We have
They have
He has
She Has
It has
Вспом. Глаг. Have
Has
I have watched TV
since 4 o’clock

28. Present Continuous

To be + V1ing
I am playing the piano now.
You are reading
She is reading
He is reading
It is reading
We are reading
They are reading

29. We do not use in Present Continuous Tense:

1
2
Hate
love
ненавидеть
Любить
3
like
Нравиться
4
need
Нуждаться
5
want
Хотеть
6
see
Видеть
7
have
иметь

30. Present Continuous (questions and negative forms)

To be + подлежащее + V1ing + …. ?
Are you reading ….?
Is he reading ….. ?
Are they reading ….?
Подлежащее + to be + not + V1ing.
I am not reading a book

31. Present Continuous (Negatives)

I am not reading a book now
You are not reading a book now
She is not reading a book now
He is not reading a book now
We are not reading a book now
They are not reading a book now

32. Present Perfect

I
You
He
She
We
They
have
have
has
has
have
have
V3
V3
V3
V3
V3
V3

33.

вопрос
Will
Do
утверждение
отрицание
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
I
You
We
They
I
You
We
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
Does
He
She
It
Did
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
love?
love?
love?
love?
He
She
It
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
will
love.
love.
loves.
(окончание S)
loved.
(окончание
ED)
(вторая
глагольная
форма)
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
will not
love.
do not
love .
does not
love .
did not
love.
Б
У
Д
У
Щ
Н
А
С
Т
О
Я
Щ
Е
Е
П
Р
О
Ш
Е
д

34. Вопросительные предложения в Present Simple Tense

Yes\No questions
Short answers
Do
I, you, we, they
Affirmative
go to bed after
11 p. m.?
Does he, she, it
Negative
Yes,
No,
I, you, we, they do I, you, we, they
don’t
Yes, he, she it
does
No,
he, she, it doesn’t

35. WH- questions

WH- questions
When
What time
Answers
do
I, you, we,
they
go to
school?
I go to school at 9 o’clock.
get up?
They get up after 7 a. m.
does he, she,
finish
it
school?
have
breakfast?
She finishes school at 3.30
p. m.

36.

It’s
ten (десять)
Десять после десяти
= десять минут
одиннадцатого
quarter
(пятнадцать)
Пятнадцать после
десяти = пятнадцать
минут одиннадцатого
past (после)
10.
half (половина)
Половина после
десяти = половина
одиннадцатого
ten (десять)
Десять до десяти =
без десяти десять
10.
quarter
(пятнадцать)
to (до)
Пятнадцать до
десяти = без
пятнадцати десять

37. PAST SIMPLE Используемые наречия: yesterday, last (year, week, month), in 1995, ago, long ago

утверждение
отрицание
вопрос
I went to school
yesterday.
I did not go to
school yesterday.
Did you go to school
yesterday?
Подлежащее
Подлежащее + did + Вопросительное
+вторая глагольная not + первая
слово +
форма
глагольная форма
подлежащее + did+
первая глагольная
форма?

38. PAST SIMPLE (простое прошедшее время)

утверждение
отрицание
вопрос
________ + V2
______ + did +not + V1
Wh() + did +___ +
V1?
I did not go to
When did you go
to school?
(V1 + ed)
I went to
school
yesterday.
school yesterday.
Вторая глагольная форма употребляется
только в утверждении! В отрицании и
вопросе употребляется первая со
вспомогательным глаголом did!

39. Irregular verbs

be
was /were
been
become
became
become
begin
began
begun
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
brought
buy
bought
bought
build
built
built
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
come
came
come

40.

say
said
said
говорить
get
got
got
получать
have
had
had
иметь
be
was/were
been
быть
put
put
put
ставить,
take
took
taken
брать
go
went
gone
Идти,
ходить
make
made
made
делать
Give
gave
given
давать
come
Came
come
приходить
speak
spoke
spoken
Сказать,
говорить
tell
told
told
говорить

41.

teach
taught
taught
Учить
see
tell
Saw
told
seen
told
read
sing
read
sang
read
sung
Видеть
Сказать,
рассказать
Читать
петь

42. Present Perfect Past Simple

Present Perfect
Значение
Важен результат
действия, время
совершения не
имеет значения
Наречия
Since-начиная с
For-в течение
This ………..
Образование
Have, has + третья
форма глагола
Past Simple
Значение
Важно время и факт
действия
Наречия
Last week
Yesterday
In 1990
Last month, year
Long ago
Ago
Образование
Окончание -ed
Вторая глагольная
форма
(неправильные)
Всп. Глагол Did

43. Present Perfect. Questions

Have
Has
+ подлежащее + V3?
Have you done your homework?
Has Ted done his homework?

44. Present Perfect with since, for

Have, has + V3 + since (начиная с)
for (в течение)
She has played the violin since she was 6.
She has played the violin for 5 years.

45. Модальные глаголы

Must – уверенность - I’m sure
(должно быть)……… (я уверен)
Might - Perhaps
неуверенность
(возможно)
(может)………………
May –
- Perhaps
неуверенность
(возможно)
(может)………………

46. Some, any

Some
Some, any
Только в
утверждениях . В
вопросах и
отрицаниях не
There are some
chairs in the room –
В комнате есть
несколько (какието) стульев.
Несколько,
какой-нибудь,
некоторый
There are not any
chairs in the room. В комнате нет
никаких стульев.
Are there any chairs
in the room?- В
комнате есть какиенибудь стулья?
Никакой,
какой-нибудь
используется.
Any
Только вопрос и
отрицание

47. Just, already, yet

Just
Alice and Polly
have just
Только что
(утверждение) brought the
costumes
Already
Уже
Только
утверждение
Алиса и Полли
только что
принесли
костюмы
Jay has already Джей уже
sent the
разослал
invitations
приглашения
Между
вспомогательн
ым и основным
глаголами
Между
вспомогательн
ым и основным
глаголами
Yet
Have you sent
В вопросе-уже the invitations
yet?
Вы уже
разослали
приглашения?
В конце
предложения
Yet
В отрицанииеще
Мы еще не
приготовили
зал
В конце
предложения
We have not
prepared the
hall yet.

48. Word order

Где, когда? Подлежащее Как часто? Сказуемое Дополнение Где, когда?
(если есть)
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- ____________ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.- _________ - - - - - - - - - -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-._________

49. Present Progressive and Past Progressive

Present Progressive Past Progressive
I am playing
I was playing
You are playing
You were playing
She is playing
She was playing
He is playing
He was playing
We are playing
We were playing
They are playing
They were playing
At the moment
Now
at 5 o’clock
all day long
all evening
for two hours

50. Past Progressive (questions)

Was I playing at 6 o’clock?
Were you playing at 6 o’clock?
Was he playing at 6 o’clock?
Was she playing at 6 o’clock ?
Were we playing at 6 o’clock?
Were they playing at 6 o’clock?
(Wh-) was, were + subject + V-ing?

51. Past Progressive

I was playing a game at 5 p.m.
I was playing all the evening.
I was playing the whole day
(all day long)
I was playing from 5 till 6 pm
While (when) I was playing,
Mum came into the room.

52. Degrees of Comparison of adjectives

Такой же , как AS … AS
She is as tall as her sister
Не такой, как AS NOT ….. AS
She is not as tall as her sister
……, чем ER than /more than
Jane is older than Kate (один слог в прилагательном)
She is more attractive than in the picture (многосложное)
Much (намного), A bit (немного)
My father is much older than his father

53. Degrees of Comparison of adjectives

Long-longer-the longest
Big-bigger-the biggest
Happy-happier-the happiest
Beautiful-more beautiful – the most beautiful
Interesting-more interesting- the most interesting
Remember!
Good-better-the best
Bad-worse-the worst
Muсh\many-more-the most
Little-less-the least

54. There is/are Оборот есть, имеется

There is a computer in the classroom
(Имеется компьютер в классной комнате)
There was a computer in the classroom
(Имелся компьютер в классной комнате)
There are computers in the classroom
(Имеются компьютеры в классной комнате)
There were computers in the classroom
(Имелись компьютеры в классной комнате)
There is →There was
There are →there were

55. Present Simple простое настоящее время

Вспомогательный глагол DO
You go to school.
Do you go to school?
You don’t go to school.
Вопрос «с хвостиком» (question tag)
You go to school, don’t you?
You don’t go to school, do you?

56. Present Simple простое настоящее время 3 лицо ед. число

Вспомогательный глагол DOES
He goes to school.
Does he go to school?
He doesn’t go to school.
Вопрос «с хвостиком» (question tag)
He goes to school, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t go to school, does he?

57. Глагол to be

Спряжение глагола: I am, you are, he is,
she is, we are, you are, they are
She is beautiful.
She isn’t beautiful.
Is she beautiful?
Вопрос «с хвостиком» (question tag)
She is beautiful, isn’t she?
She isn’t beautiful, is she?

58. Глагол to be прошедшее время

Спряжение глагола: I was, you were, he was,
she was, we were, you were, they were
She was beautiful.
She wasn’t beautiful.
Was she beautiful?
Вопрос «с хвостиком» (question tag)
She was beautiful, wasn’t she?
She wasn’t beautiful, was she?

59. Модальные глаголы

You can jump.
Can you jump?
You can’t jump.
Вопрос «с хвостиком» (question tag)
You can jump, can’t you?
You can’t jump, can you?

60. Вспомогательные глаголы

Do – простое настоящее время
Does - простое настоящее время 3 лицо ед.
число
Did – простое прошедшее время
Will – простое будущее время (will not, won’t)
Was, were – был(а), были
Am, Is, are – глагол to be
Модальные:
Can – могу, можешь, может
Could – мог, могла, могли (бы)

61. Алгоритм

Переводим предложение
Определяем время
Определяем вспомогательный глагол
Определяем, положительная фраза или
отрицательная
Определяем местоимение в «хвостике»
Определяем вспомогательный глагол в
«хвостике»
Определяем, положительный или
отрицательный «Хвостик»
Пробуем построить предложение

62. To be going to ….. Собираться что-либо делать

I am going to read – Я собираюсь читать
You are going to read – Ты собираешься
читать
He is going to read – он собирается читать
She is going to read – она собирается читать
We are going to read - Мы собираемся читать
You are going to read – Вы собираетесь
читать
They are going to read – они собираются
читать

63. To be going to ….. Собираться что-либо делать

Аm I going to read? – Я собираюсь читать?
Are you going to read? – Ты собираешься
читать?
Is he going to read? – он собирается читать?
Is she going to read? – она собирается читать?
Are we going to read? - Мы собираемся читать?
Are you going to read? - Вы собираетесь
читать?
Are they going to read? – они собираются
читать?

64. собираться делать что-либо To be going to …..

Глагол to be плюс going to плюс глагол
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
going to read

65. Quantifiers Количественные местоимения

Много
Немного
Мало
Меньше
Countable
Исчисляемые
Uncountable
Неисчисляемые
A lot of
Lots of
Many
Many books
A few
A few books
Few
Few books
Fewer
A lot of
Much
Much water
A little
A little water
Little
Little water
Less

66. Noun substitutions

one
Слово-заместитель ед. число
ones
Слово-заместитель мн. число
this one
Этот, эта, это…
these ones
that one
Эти ……
those ones
Те….
Тот, та, то ……
Do you like this dress? – This one or
that one?
Do you like these dresses? – These
ones or those ones?

67.

on
на
around
вокруг
Down
вниз
In
в
Up
Вверх, наверх
Off
Вне, от
Out
Из, вне,
through
через
to
По направлению к

68. Слова-определители простое прошедшее

Yesterday
Last week
Last year
Last month
Ago
Long ago
In 1998
Вчера
На прошлой неделе
В прошлом году
В прошлом месяце
Назад
Давно
В 1998

69. Present Perfect (Настоящее завершенное) Образование I have V3 You have V3 He has V3 She has V3 We have V3 They have V3   I

Present Perfect (Настоящее завершенное)
Образование
I
have
V3
You
have
V3
He
has
V3
She
has
V3
We
have
V3
They
have
V3
I have=I’ve
She has = she’s
Третья глагольная форма – это у неправильных третий столбик в
таблице, у правильных добавляем окончание – ed
I have done my homework
Вопрос: Have + Подлежащее + третья форма Have you done your
homework?
Отрицание Have not (Haven’t) Has not (hasn’t)
I haven’t done my homework
Слова - определители

70. Слова – определители настоящее завершенное

Just
между
Только что
already
между
Уже
yet
В конце, отрицание,
Еще уже
вопрос
В конце предложения, сегодня
реже – в начале
На этой неделе
Today
This week
This year
В этом году
This month
В этом месяце
Ever
Вопрос, между
Когда-либо
Never
Отрицание, между
Никогда
Since
Начиная с
For
В течение

71. Nationalities

Egypt – Egyptian
Norway – Norwegian
Ukraine – Ukrainian
Brazil – Brazilian
Russia – Russian
Australia – Australian
China – Chinese
Japan – Japanese
Portugal - Portuguese
Britain – British
Scotland – Scottish
Ireland – Irish
Wales – Welsh
Poland – Polish
Turkey – Turkish
Pakistan – Pakistani
Thailand – Thai
France – French
Greece – Greek
Switzerland – Swiss
the Netherlands – Dutch