Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации

1.

«OCHOBM npegnpHHMMaTe^bCKOM
ge»Te^bH0CTH»
nPE^nPHHHMATE^bCTBO. HTO ^TO TAKOE?
npegnpHHHMaTe^bCKan geHTe^bHOCTb - 3TO
caMOCTOHTe^bHan, ocy^ecTB^neMan Ha CBOH pncK geHTe^bHOCTb,
HanpaB.ieHHaa Ha CHCTeMaTHHecKoe
no^yneHMe npnobi.m OT no.ib30Bamia
HMy^ecTBOM, npoga^n TOBapoB,
Buno^HeHHH paooT H^H 0Ka3amia yc^yr
auuaMH H^H opraHH3auHHMH,
3aperHCTpnpoBaHHbiMH
B
3TOM
KanecTBe B ycTaHOB^eHHOM 3aK0H0M
nopagKe.
(rpa^gaHCKHH KogeKc P^ CTaTbH 2).

2.

3AEMEHTU nOHOTHfl nPEflnFHHHMATE^BCTBA:
□ HH^HaTHBHaa ge^TenbHOCTb eySbeKTa SKOHOMHKH
□ HHHOBa^HOHHa^ U TBOpHeCKafl ge^TenbHOCTb
□ ge^TenbHOCTb no op^aHH3a^HH npOH3BogcTBa U ynpaBneHHro
□ pHCKOBaa ge^TenbHOCTb C no^HOH HHHHOH
OTB eTCTBeHHO CTbM
□ ge^TenbHOCTb, HanpaBneHHaa Ha ygoBneTBOpeHHe noTpeSHOCTeft U
nonyneHHe goxoga

3.

nPH3HAKH nPE^nPHHHMATE^BCKOH flEATE^BHOCTH!
1. CncTeMaTHHHOCTb - ocy^ecTBaeHHe B TeaeHHe onpegeaeHHoro nepnoga. flaa
KBa^H^HKa^HH npegnpHHHMaTentCKOH geaTeatHocTH npHMeHaroT TaKHe KpHTepHH:
- goaa npH6wnH OT ocy^ecTBaeHHa npegnpHHHMaTeatcKoH geaTeatHocTH B O6^HX
goxogax an^;
- - pa3Mepbi npH6wnn;
- noayaeHHe ee onpegeaeHHoe KoanaecTBo pa3 3a oTaeTHbiH nepnog
► 2. CaMOCTOHTe^bHOCTt:
а)
op^aHH3a^HOHHaa caMocToaTeatHocTt - BO3MO^HOCTB caMocToaTeatHo npHHHMaTt
pemeHHa B npo^cce npegnpHHHMaTeatcKoH geaTeatHocTH (BoaeBoH xapaKTep);
б) HMy^ecTBeHHaa caMocToaTeatHocTt - Haanane y npegnpHHHMaTeaa o6oco6aeHHoro
HMy^ecTBa gaa ocy^ecTBaeHHa npegnpHHHMaTeatcKoH geaTeatHocTH.
3. CaMOCTOHTeabHan HMy^ecTBeHHaa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb npegnpHHHMaTeaa. Ee
npegeati
3aBHcaT
OT
op^aHH3a^HOHHO-^paBOBoH
^opMbi
ocy^ecTBaeHHa
npegnpHHHMaTeatcKoH geaTeatHocTH.
4. ^eraaH3OBaHHMH xapaKTep, T.e. an^ goa^Ho 6biTt 3aperncTpHpoBaHHoro B
KaaecTBe npegnpHHHMaTeaa B ycTaHoBaeHHoM 3aKoHoM nopagKe. Ocy^ecTBaeHHe
npegnpHHHMaTeatcKoH
geaTeatHocTH
6e3
rocygapcTBeHHoH
pe^HCTpa^HH
ecTt
npaBoHapymeHHe (CT. 14.1 KoAn; CT. 171 YK PO).

4.

► 5. HanpaB^eHHOCTb Ha CHCTeMaTHHecKoe no^yneHne npuSbrnn. npH6bmt -goxogti,
yMeHtmeHHbie Ha Be^HHHHy pacxogoB.
Ba^Ha HMeHHO geaTentHocra n^a, a He $aKT nonyneHHa npH6tmH.
fleaTentHOCTb, HanpaB^eHHaa Ha nonyneHHe npH6bmH, HO npHHOca^aa y6biTKH, TaK^e
aB^aeTca npegnpHHHMaTentCKOH.
► 6. H3B^eneHHe goxoga OT onpege^eHHOH genTe^bHOCTH:
npoga^H TOBapOB, OKa3aHHe ycnyr, BbmonHeHHe pa6oT,
Hcnont30BaHHa HMy^ecTBa (HanpHMep, cgana noMe^eHHa
HHTenneKTyantHOH co6cTBeHHOCTH npegnpHHHMaTena.
nonyneHHa goxogoB OT
B apeHgy) H o6beKTOB
7. npo^eccnoHa^H3M - Ha^HHHe onpegeneHHMx 3HaHHH H HaBMKOB. TaKoe
Tpe6oBaHHe 3aKpenneHO npeHMy^ecTBeHHO B OTHomeHHH n^eH3HpyeMbix BH^OB
geaTentHOCTH (Tpe6yeTca HanHHHe onpegeneHHoro o6pa3oBaHHa).

5.

OnPE^E^EHHE nPEAnPHHHMATE^fl
npejnpHHHMaTe^b - cy6beKTHBHbiH ^aKTOp BocnpoH3BogcTBa, cnoco6HbiH Ha
HHHOBa^HOHHyro
H
HHH^HaTHBHyw geaTentHOCTb, cnoco6HMH o6ecnenHBaTb HOBbie
KOM6HHa^HH ^aKTOpOB npOH3BOgCTBa.
npegnpHHHMaTe^b oS^agaeT KanecTBaMH:
YMeHHe npHHHMaTb HOBaTOpCKHe pemeHHa B CTaHgapTHbix H HeonpegeneHHbix
yc^OBHax;
► YMeHHe reHepHpOBaTb Hgen, o^HHBaTb nepcneKTHBbi HX npHMeHeHHa;
3^^eKTHBHO BBOgHTb H HCnOHb3OBaTb
HOByw TexHHKy;
YMeHHe O^HHBaTb H aHa^H3HpOBaTb
pMHOHHyW KOHbWHKTypy;
He 6oaTbca pHCKOBaTb
ynpaB^aTb PHCKOM.
H
yMeTb

6.

nPEAnPHHHMATE^bCKOH
^EBTE^bHOCTH
B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT cogeimamia H HanpaBgeHHOCTM npegnpHHHMaTegbCKOH
geflTegbHOCTH, oSbeKTa npugo^eHHfl KanHTaga H nogyneHHH KOHKpeTHbix pe3ygbTaTOB,
CBH3H
npegnpHHHMaTegbCKOH
geaTe^bHOCTH
c
OCHOBHUMH
CTagHAMH
BOcnpou3BogcTBeHHoro npo^cca, pa3gHnaroT cgegyro^ne Bngu
npegnpHHHMaTegbCTBa:
BMflbl
nPEflnPMHMATEBbCTBA
0MHAHCOBO-KPEflMTHOE
nOCPEflHMHECKOE

7.

OP^AHH3A^HOHHO-^PABOBbIE
^OPMBI BH3HECA
HHgHBHgya^bHMe npegnpHHHMaTe^H o6pa3yroT Haefio^ee
npocTyro
^opMy opramnamm Ma^oro oinHeca,
nogroTaB^HBaa 6a3y g^H gpyrux,
6o^ee C^OIHUX oopaioBamm napTHepCTB H Xo3HHCTBeHHbIX
oS^ecTB B Buge ofi^ecTBa C
orpaHHHeHHow
oTBeTCTBeHHocTbro ii
aKguoHepHbix oomecTB 3aKpWToro
H oTKpbIToro THnoB (nyS^HHHWx u
HenyS^HHHWx oS^ecTB).

8.

nPE^nPHHHMATE^bCTBO. OT H^EH £O PEA.ttH3AITHH
BH3HEC - H^Efl
L
EH3HEC -KOHUEnUHfl
L
En3Hec - H/jeH. 3TO o6mee npeacTaBjiemie 06
opramoapmi 6yaymett npeanpmmMaTejibCKoii
aeHTejibHOCTH
En3Hec - KOHuenpHH. KoHpenTyajibHoe oimcamie KJHOHCBOH
6H3Hec_HaeH, (^opMaTa 6n3Heca, KOTopbie aaiOT kOMiiamin
npeHMymecTBO Haa KomcypeHTaMH. Ixoiiuemum SiOHeca
HBjiaeTCH cocTaBHott nacTbio CTpaTerHH kOMiiamin .
En3Hec - njiaH. ^OKyMeHT, B KOTOPOM ooociioiiaiibi ocHOBHbie
acneKTbi Syaymeft npeanpmmMaTejibCKoii aeaTejibHOCTH,
aHajiH3HpyiOTCH rjiaBHbie npofrjieMbi H onpe^ejifliOTCH
nyTH peinemia 3THX npofrjieM.
EH3HEC - MAH

9.

HA3HAHEHHE EH3HEC - n^AHA
rLiaHiipoBamie OCHOBHUX Hanpae.ieHHH
npegnpHHHMaTe^bCKOH geHTe^bHOCTu.
1
KOHTpO^b BUnO^HeHHH MepOnpHHTHH u
COCTOHHHH ge^ Ha npegnpuHTuu.
2
3
npue^eneHue HHeecTugun.
npue^eneHue noTeHgua^bHbix napTHepoe K
coeMecTHOH geHTe^bHoCTH.
4
OopMupoeaHue KOMaHgbi
eguHOMurnaeHHHKOB.
5

10.

THnOBAH CTPyKTyPA BH3HEC - n^AHA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
AHHOTamia npoeKTa (pe3MMe)
06rnee onucarnie npegnpuHTHH
OnucaHHe npogy^nu (yc^yru)
MapKeTHHroBMH n^aH
npou3BogcTBeHHbiH n.iaH
0p^aHU3a^uoHHMH n.iaH
^uHaHcoBMH n.iaH
O^HKa PUCKOB 9* npH^ovKeHua-

11.

Cogep^aHHe pa3ge^a 6H3Hee - n.iaHa «PE3MME»
AHHOTA^Hfl nPOEKTA (PE3TOME)
Pe3WMe SmHec-nflaHa go^^Ho SbiTb KpaTKHM - He So^ee 2-3 cTpaHHg. PeswMe nnweTCH
noc^e Toro, KaK paspa6oTaH eecb 6H3Hec-n^aH B ue^oM.
B ^TOM pa3ge^e gaeTca o6^aa KpaTKaa nH^opMauna o npoeKTe, Ha
ocHoBaHHH KoTopofl HHBecTop Mo^eT cge^aTb BUBO^, HHTepeceH eMy
^TOT npoeKT H^H HeT

12.

Cogep^aHHe pa3geaa 6n3Hec - naaHa
«OE^EE OnHCAHHE nPE#nHOTHfl»
Pa3gea «OnHCAHHE nPE^nPHHTHH»
Pa3gea cogep^HT cnpaBOHHyro HH^opMaguro o npegnpHHTHH:
- HanpaeaeHUH geaTeabHocra,
- $opMa eo6cTBeHHocTH, KanuTaa,
O
1
O
- ynpegHTean, ropngimecKnn H ^aKTimecKHH agpeca,
- 6aHK0BcKHe H gpyrue peKBimiTbi,
- ^.H.O. pyKOBogHTeaeH n/n.m npoeKTa,
- KOHTaKTHwe Teae^OHM, $aKcbi, agpeca aaeKTpoHHOH noHTw.

13.

Coien^aHHe na.3ge.na fiw^Hec — n^awa
«onwcAHHE npowKTrnw (yc.ffyr»
Pa.3gen «OnWCAHHE nPO^YKUHH (yc.nyn»
B nenoM naHHUH pangen non^eH OTReqaTK Ha cnegvmmne ocHORHMe Ronnncu:
- KaKOH npogyKT/ycnyry npegnaraeT KoMnaHiia ana npomBogcTBa n/nnn peanioamiH B
paMKax gaHHoro 6n3Hec-nnaHa?
- KaKiie noTpeSHocTH (HacToa^ne H noTeHunanbHbie) SygyT ygoBneTBopaTkca
gaHHUM npogyKToM/ycnyron?
- B neM npeHMy^ecTBa H HegocTaTKH npogyKTa B cpaBHeHHH c OCHOBHUMH
KoHKypeHTaMH?
-HeM nogTBeprngaeTca KanecTBo npogyKTa (ccunKH Ha naTeHTU, cepTH$HKaTbi,
MHeHiia ^Kc^epTOB H T.n.), cooTBeTcTByeT nn npogyKT/ycnyra cTaHgapTaM n
gpyrnM TpeSoBaHnaM 3aKoHogaTenkcTBa?
- HTO npegcTaBnaeT coSon «oKpy^eHne npogyKTa» - ToproBaa MapKa, ynaKoBKa,
rapaHTHHHoe n gpyroe oScny^HBaHne n T.n.?
- KaKoBU npnMepHue ueHbi Ha npegnaraeMbin npogyKT n npiiHuirnbi nx pacneTa?

14.

Cogep^aHue pa3geia SH3Hec - niaHa
«MAPKETHHrOBbIH n^AH»
Pa3gei «MAPKETHHrOBbIH MAH»
J,aiim>m pa3gei goi^eH BKironaTb B ceSa oTBeTb Ha ciegyro^ue Bonpocb: HTO npegcTaBiaeT coSofi PMHOK, Ha KoTopbfi BM niaHupyeTe BbxoguTb, c
Ko^HHecTBeHHofi H KanecTBeHHofi ToneK 3peHHa?
- KaKue (|)aKTopbi BHemHefi cpegbi oKa3bBaroT HauSoibmee noio^HTeibHoe n
oTpugaTeibHoe BiuaHue Ha Bamy KoanaHuro H/HIH BbSpaHHoe BaMH HanpaBiemie
6u3Heca?
- KaKofi ypoBeHb KoHKypeHmni Ha gaHHoM pbHKe, KTO HBiaeTca BamuM OCHOBHMM
KoHKypeHToM?
- Ha KaKofi ueieBofi PMHOK BM opueHTupyeTecb?
- KaKoBb ocHoBHbe cerMeHTb 3Toro pbHKa H HX cBoficTBa?
- KaK npegnoiaraeMbfi npogyKT ygoBieTBopaeT noTpeSHocTH noTeHunaibHbix
noTpeSuTeiefi?

15.

Cogep^aHue pa3ge^a Su3Hec - n^aHa
«nPOH3BOgCTBEHHMH n^AH»
Pa3geg «nPOH3BOgCTBEHHBIH n^AH»
OcHOBHaH 3agana gaHHoro pa3ge^a - onpege^uTb noTpeSHocru npoeKTa B OCHOBHHX H
- KaK Bb ngaHHpyeTe npogBuraTb CBOH npogyKT?
- KaKHM o6pa3OM BM ngaHupyeTe opraHH3OBaTb C6MT Bamero npogyKTa
(BKgronaH cxeMM npogBu^eHua)?
oSopoTHbix cpegcTBax H noKa3aTb BO3MO^HOCTH npoH3BogcTBa g^H BMnycKa
3an^aHHpoBaHHoro oSbeMa npogy^uu.
npoHHTaB gaHHun pa3ge^, HHBecTop go^^eH no^ynuTb OTBeTb Ha Bonpocb:
- rge SygeT H3roTaB^HBaTbcn npogyKguH - Ha gencTByro^eM H^H
BHOBb co3gaHHOM npegnpuHTuu?
- KaKue npoH3BogcTBeHHue MO^HOCTH SygyT Hy^Hbi g^H npou3BogcTBa
3an^aHHpoBaHHoro oSbeMa npogyKUHH?
- KaKoe oSopygoBaHue noTpeSyeTcH, KaKOBu HCTOHHHKH H (|)opMbi ero npuoSpeT

16.

Cogep^aHue pa3ge^a ttu3Hec - maHa
- rge, y Koro Ha KaKux yc^oBunx ttygeT npuottpeTaTbcn cwpbe, pacxogHbie MaTepua^bi,
KOMn^eKTyro^ne H gpyrue H3ge^un, HeottxoguMbie g.ra npou3BogcTBa Barnett npogyKguu?
- n^aHupyeTcn Koonepagun (coBMecTHan genTe^bHocTb) c gpyruMu opiamnaiumMii u
npegnpuHTHHMu? Ec^u ga, TO Ha KaKux yc^oBunx?
- KaKoBw BO3MO^HOCTH gono^HHTe^bHoro ucno^b3oBaHun ottopygoBaHun?
- KaK ttygeT ottecnenuBaTbcn KoHTpo^b KanecTBa roToBott npogyKguu?
-KaKoBa ttygeT cucTeMa nepepattoTKu oTxogoB u HTO HeottxoguMo npegnpuHHTb g^n 3a^uTw
oKpy^aro^ett cpegw?
OcHoBHbie eonpocw, KoTopwe paccMaTpuBaroTcn B 3TOM pa3ge^e:
- WpuguHecKutt cTaTyc npoeKTa - KaKan opramnamm HeottxoguMa g^n pea.nnamm
npeg^araeMoro ttu3Hec-n^aHa (HoBan, cTapan, HoBoe nogpa3ge^eHue B cTapott
op^aHH3a^HH u T.n.).

17.

Cogep^aHHe pa3geaa Sn3HeC - naaHa
«OP^AHH3A^HOHHMH n.HAtt>
Pa3gea «OPrAHH3AgHOHHbIH n^AH»
- rge H KaK opramnamiH SygeT 3aperHCTpnpoBaHa, $opMa eoScTBeHHOCTH, goau H
gpyrne yCaoBHH ynacTHH CTopoH H T.n.
- OpraHH3agHOHHan CTpyKTypa ynpaBaeHHH.
- nepCoHaa - CKo^bKo H KaKux CnegnaaHCToB HeoSxogHMo gaH peaamamm naaHoB, HX
ooH3aHHOCTH, noaHOMOMHH H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, ^opMu H pa3MepM onaaTM Tpyga,
CnoCoSM (|)opMiipoBaHHH oTHomeHHH (BKaroneHHe B mTaT, 3aKaroneHHe TpygoBMx
Coraamemm, goroBopoB nogpaga H T.n.).
OCHoBHMe eonpoCM, KoTopwe paCCMaTpHBaroTCH B ^TOM pa3geae:
-
CTpaTeruH ^iiHaHCiipoBaHiifl.
-
naaH npuSuaea/ySuTKoB.
-
naaH gBH^eHHH geHe^Hbix CpegCTB.

18.

Cogep^aHHe pa3ge.ia 6H3Hec - n.iaHa
«#HHAHCOBMH RflAH»
Pa3ge^ «#HHAHCOBbIH niAH»
- CBOAHMH Sa.iaHc aKTHBoe H naccHBOB npegnpiiHTHH (npoeKTa).
OcHOBHwe eonpocu, Ha KoTopue c^egyeT oSpaTHTb BHinviaHiie uHeecTopa:
- OS^HH o6beivi e^omeHHH e npoeKT, HX HCTOHHHKH H pacnpege.ieHiie BO
BpeMeHH.
- CTpyKTypa B^o^eHHfl; cpoKH oKynaeMocTH H noKa3aTe.u1
npn6bi.ibHocTii npoeKTa.

19.

CogepwaHue pa3gega 6H3Hee - mana
«O^HKA PHCKOB»
Pa3ge^ «O^HKA PHCKOB»
OnpoKo npHMeHHeMMH MeTog O^HKU pucKOB - 3KCnEPTHbIH METOg.
Ka^gufi Bug pucKa (R) onucuBaeTca onpege^eHHUM MHC^OM $aKTopoB pucKa. ^mi'iemm
Ka^goro pucKa paH^upyroTcn no cTeneHn BepouTHoro pucKa u HopMupyroTcn, TO ecTb
Ka^goiviy npucBauBaeTca onpegeneHHbiu Ga.i.i.
3OHbI PHCKA
0
Ee3pucKoBan
0,1 - 2,5
2.6
MHHHMaabHafl
- 5,0
5,1 - 7,5
7.6
10,0
noBbimeHHan
KpHTHnecKan
-
HegonycTHMan

20.

fflaS^OHbi (MaKeTbi) g^H HamicamiH
SH3Hec "n^aHoe
MaS^OHw g^H iiauncainm SH3Hec - n^aHOB no^ynn^H mnpoKoe
pacnpocTpaHeHHH B MyHiiunna.ibHbix H
rocygapcTBeHHwx nporpaMMax noggep^KH
npegnpHHHMaTe^efi Ma^oro H cpegHero SH3Heca.
HanpuMep: maS^oH g^H cocraB^eHUH 6u3Hec-n^aHa no nporpaMMe
«CaMo3aHHTocTb» g^H HHgiiBiigya^bHbix npegnpuHUMaTe^en:
http://biznes-prost.ru/sostavlenie-biznesa-plana-dlyaindividualnogopredprinimatelya.html

21.

HH^HBH^yA^bHAH nPE^nPHHHMATE^bCKAfl
^EHTE^bHOCTb
nO^E3HME CCbLflKH
OTKpMTMO / 3aKpMTNe Mil
OTKPbITME / 3AKPblTME Mfl
noflroTOBna K OTKpbrrmo
MHOOPMAMWfl
ArngKcitopein Bee oohaaneHHfl ■■■
KaK BblMHCJIHTb HaflOrH?
«Moe Ae/io» noMo>KeT aBTOMaTkmecKH paccMmaTb Ha/ior w ompaanTb
OTMOT!
™ Aapec H TfineflHM moedeto org
— HAJlOm M nflATE>KM Ha/iorn Mfl
CaHT «fl - HHgHBHgya.ibHbiH npegnpHHHMaTe^b»
http://ya-ip.ru_
CaHT «l III - HH(|)0|)M»
http://ipinform.ru