Print media

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PRINT MEDIA
Navrotskaya Eva 413

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What is print media?
Print media are media, that are made using a printing press and
carry information in the form of printed alphabetic text, photographs,
drawings, posters, diagrams, graphs and other graphic forms that are
perceived by the reader-viewer only visually (newspapers, weeklies,
magazines, almanacs, books).

3.

Johann Gutenberg is the first German
printer, the first typographer of Europe.
In the 1440s, he created a method of
printing with movable type, which had
a huge impact not only on European
culture, but also on world history.

4.

Before Gutenberg's printing press, books
were produced in Europe, but they were
handwritten by church ministers. That is,
only the church elite had access to books.
With the advent of printing, books
became available to a wider audience,
but nevertheless the process of print
periodicals took more than a century
and a half to emerge. The first editions
attributed to Johannes Gutenberg were
small leaflets-calendars and textbooks.

5.

The birth year of the European
newspaper periodical is considered to be
1609. The place of its appearance was
Germany. The paper, which began as
Relation: Aller Furnemmen, was printed in
January 1609 in the city of Strasbourg and
carried news from Cologne, Antwerp,
Rome, Venice, Vienna, and Prague. The
editor-publisher of the weekly was the
printer Johann Carolus

6.

By 1630 weekly newspapers appeared in
30 European cities. However, the
emergence of the first newspapers in a
number of countries was hampered by
strict censorship rules governing the
emergence of print products. One of the
characteristics of the first European
newspapers was their short life span,
dependence on official authorities and, as
a result, their purely informational and
non-politicised character. Circulation
ranged from 200 to 1500 copies.

7.

At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries in
England, newspapers did not have such an
influence on public opinion as magazines.
However, it was at this time that a newspaper
appeared,
which is
now considered
synonymous with the respectability of the
British press. Its founder was the English
typographer John Walter, who in 1785 began
publishing the newspaper "Universal Daily
Register". In 1788, the publication of John
Walter was renamed "The Times", and under
this name the newspaper entered the history
of the world press.

8.

A breakthrough in the field of printing was the
invention of the rotary printing press, made by the
American Richard Howe in 1846. Now the
circulation of newspapers has increased significantly,
and the cost of producing one issue has become less.
The press began to reach an increasingly wide
audience, that is, it is becoming mass. The
peculiarity of this stage of the development of the
press is the orientation of newspapers to print
scandalous and sensational news, which have not
always been verified.

9.

In search of a new audience, the newspapers went
to meet the mass reader. The issue of cheap
newspapers available to poor readers turned out to
be beneficial for publishers of such periodicals. The
appearance of the "penny press", that is, the press
sold at the lowest possible price, has become a
significant phenomenon in the development of
American journalism. Benjamin Day is considered a
pioneer in this field, who began publishing The Sun
newspaper in New York on September 3, 1833. The
second most famous publisher of "penny press" is
James Gordon Bennett, who founded the
newspaper "The New York Herald"

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The triumph of the principles of "penny press"
has led to structural changes in the newspaper
itself, in the presentation of newspaper
material and in the editorial policy of most
periodicals seeking to extract financial benefits
from their journalistic activities.
The mass press is distinguished by the presence
of bright headlines, illustrations, mass
publications often have a certain amount of
entertainment and advertising information,
are issued in large circulation with different
frequency.

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Advantages of print media
• 1) the possibility of a quick overview of the
entire set of messages included in the
number, book, brochure. Thanks to this, it is
possible to form a generalized impression of
the content of the issue, and then choose the
most suitable material for reading.
• 2) the possibility of “deferred reading" —
after the initial acquaintance, postpone the
material for a more detailed reading at a
more convenient time and a more
comfortable place.

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Disadvantages of print media
• a negative feature of the press is the
lack of efficiency in transmitting
information, due to the significant
time gap between the creation of
the issue, replication, delivery and
receipt of it to the reader.

13.

There is a reorientation of the press in the foreign
market, as evidenced by the reduction in the
number of printed publications among readers. In
the Western market of periodicals, there is a
tendency to abandon the paper format in favor
of electronic versions. Such issues have been raised
in the UK, Germany and France. However, in the
Asian market, one can observe an increase in the
circulation of newspapers and an increase in
income. Despite the changing situation, printed
newspapers are still one of the main sources of
information for people around the world.

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