Theoretical english grammar. Lecture 9. The sentence

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THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
THE SENTENCE
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THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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MAIN POINTS TO DISCUSS
1. Definition.
2. Predication.
3. Actual division of the sentence.
https://ppt-online.org/344452
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

Definition
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The Sentence as a syntactic unit is
the immediate integral unit of speech built up by
words according to a definite syntactic pattern and
distinguished
by
a
contextually
relevant
communicative purpose.
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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WORD
VS
SENTENCE
WORD/ PHRASE
SENTENCE
STOCK and ORIGIN
Vocabulary
Speech
NOMINATION
names objects and
phenomena of reality
Names real or unreal
situations, situational
thoughts, communicative
events
PREDICATION
-
Exists only through the
predication
COMMUNICATIVE AND
LOGICAL FULLNESS
Partly fulfilled
Completely fulfilled
INTONATION
Is not relevant
Is important
PUNCTUATION
Absent
Is important
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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PREDICATION
(Predicativity)
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The definition of the category of predication is similar to the
definition of the category of modality, which also shows a
connection between the named objects and actual reality.
The center of predication in the sentence is the finite form of the verb:
forms of tense, mood, and voice. (VALENCY: actants and circonstants)
The tasks were done well.
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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PROPOSITION
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The nominative content of a syntagmatically complete average sentence
It reflects a processual situation, an event that includes a certain process
(actional or statal) as its dynamic center, the agent of the process, the
objects of the process, and various conditions and circumstances of the
realization of the process.
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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PROPOSITION
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https://glossary.sil.org/term/proposition
Definition:
A proposition is that part of the meaning of a clause or sentence that is constant, despite changes
in such things as the voice or illocutionary force of the clause.
A proposition may be related to other units of its kind through interpropositional relations, such
as temporal relations and logical relations.
Discussion:
The meaning of the term proposition is extended by some analysts to include the meaning
content of units within the clause.
Example: The tall, stately building fell is said to express propositions corresponding to the
following:
"The building is tall."
"The building is stately."
"The building fell."
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE

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PROPOSITION
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Examples:
The common content of each of the following utterances is a proposition:
Alec ate the banana.
The banana was eaten by Alec.
Did Alec eat the banana?
Alec, eat the banana.
All these utterances may be analyzed as consisting of a predicate naming an event or state and
one or more arguments naming referents that participate in that event or state.
The activity is eat.
The agent is Alec.
The patient is a banana.
THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR
LECTURE 9
SENTENCE