Michael Faraday

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Michael Faraday
Simanova Alexandra, 4226 group

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Michael Faraday was an English scientist
who contributed to the study of
electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His
main discoveries include the principles
underlying electromagnetic induction,
diamagnetism and electrolysis.
Although Faraday received little formal
education, he was one of the most influential
scientists in history.As a chemist, Faraday
discovered benzene, investigated the
clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an
early form of the Bunsen burner and the
system of oxidation numbers, and
popularised terminology such as "anode",
"cathode", "electrode" and "ion". Faraday
ultimately became the first and foremost
Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal
Institution, a lifetime position.
Michael Faraday
Who is Michael Faraday?

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Faraday was an excellent experimentalist who
conveyed his ideas in clear and simple language; his
mathematical abilities, however, did not extend as
far as trigonometry and were limited to the simplest
algebra. James Clerk Maxwell took the work of
Faraday and others and summarized it in a set of
equations which is accepted as the basis of all
modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. On
Faraday's uses of lines of force, Maxwell wrote that
they show Faraday "to have been in reality a
mathematician of a very high order – one from
whom the mathematicians of the future may derive
valuable and fertile methods." The SI unit of
capacitance is named in his honour: the farad.
Power lines
Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his
study wall, alongside pictures of Arthur
Schopenhauer and James Clerk Maxwell. Physicist
Ernest Rutherford stated, "When we consider the
magnitude and extent of his discoveries and their
influence on the progress of science and of industry,
there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of
Faraday, one of the greatest scientific discoverers of
all time."
Who is Michael Faraday?

4.

Michael Faraday, arguably,
the greatest experimental
physicists of all times,
became famous for his
works on electromagnetisms. What is less
known is that he made the
first experiments with
nanoparticles (gold
colloids) and thus initiated
the fields of nanoscience
and nanotechnology.
Gold nanoparticles
Role in nanotechnology.

5.

Nano-cluster is a small metallic
particle with dimensions of just a few
nanometers. The smallest such
particles usually contain a so-called
"magic" number of atoms, usually
such that all atomic shells in the
particle are completely filled.
Metallic nanoparticles were first
reported in 1847 by Michael Faraday.
He discovered that their optical
properties are different from those of
bulk metals. This was perhaps the
first observation of the quantum size
effect. Thus nanotechnology and
nanoscience were born.
Nanoclusters (silicon nanocrystals)
Role in nanotechnology.

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Colloidal solution of gold.
Today metallic nanoparticles, made of
magnetic, semiconducting and
superconducting materials are used in
various branches of nanoscience.
Faraday’s gold is in fact a colloid, which
is, by definition, a mixture of two or more
solids, liquids, or gases together. The
particular type of colloid that Faraday was
interested in was a dispersion of very fine
gold particles suspended in a liquid. This
type of preparation is known as a colloidal
suspension or, as Faraday named it, gold
sol. Other more familiar examples of sols
include paint, mud, and toothpaste. The
particles of gold present in the sol are on
the nanometer scale - each is one billionth
of a meter in length.
Role in nanotechnology.

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Faraday made some attempt to
explain what was causing the
vivid coloration in his gold
mixtures, saying that known
phenomena seemed to indicate
that a mere variation in the size of
[gold] particles gave rise to a
variety of resultant colors. He did
not explain why changing the size
of the gold particles altered the
color, but described his work as a
useful experimental entrance into
certain physical investigations
respecting the nature and action
of a ray of light.
Role in nanotechnology.

8.

Thank you for you
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