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Web programming: front end. Lecture 10

1.

Web programming: front end
Lecture 10
Document Object Model(DOM)

Document Object Model
The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard. The DOM defines a standard for accessing
documents: "The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that
allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a
document."
The W3C DOM standard is separated into 3 different parts:
Core DOM - standard model for all document types
XML DOM - standard model for XML documents
HTML DOM - standard model for HTML documents

3.

HTML DOM
The HTML DOM is a standard object model and programming
interface for HTML. It defines:
The HTML elements as objects
The properties of all HTML elements
The methods to access all HTML elements
The events for all HTML elements
In other words: The HTML DOM is a standard for how to get,
change, add, or delete HTML elements.

4.

HTML DOM
When a web page is loaded, the browser makes
a Document Object Model of the page. The HTML DOM model is
constructed as a tree of Objects:

5.

The DOM Programming Interface
HTML DOM methods are actions you can perform (on HTML Elements).
HTML DOM properties are values (of HTML Elements) that you can set or change.
The HTML DOM can be accessed with JavaScript (and with other programming languages).
In the DOM, all HTML elements are defined as objects.
The programming interface is the properties and methods of each object.
A property is a value that you can get or set (like changing the content of an HTML element).
A method is an action you can do (like add or deleting an HTML element).

6.

The HTML DOM Document Object
The HTML DOM document object is the owner of all other
objects in your web page. The document object represents your
web page. If you want to access any element in an HTML page,
you always start with accessing the document object. Below are
some examples of how you can use the document object to
access and manipulate HTML.

7.

Changing HTML Elements

8.

Adding and Deleting Elements

9.

Finding HTML Elements
Often, with JavaScript, you want to manipulate HTML elements.
To do so, you have to find the elements first. There are several ways to
do this:
Finding HTML elements by id
Finding HTML elements by tag name
Finding HTML elements by class name
Finding HTML elements by CSS selectors
Finding HTML elements by HTML object collections

10.

Finding HTML Element by Id

11.

The innerHTML Property
By innerHTML property we can get or replace the content of
HTML elements.
The innerHTML property can be used to get or change any
HTML element, including <html> and <body>.

12.

Finding HTML Element by Id
If the element is found, the method will return the element as an object
(in myElement).If the element is not found, myElement will contain null.

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Example explanation
In the example above, getElementById is a method,
while innerHTML is a property. In the example above
the getElementById method used id="demo" to find the element.

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Finding HTML Element by Id

15.

Finding HTML Elements by Tag Name

16.

Finding HTML Elements by Tag Name

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Finding HTML Elements by Class Name
If you want to find all HTML elements with the same class name,
use getElementsByClassName(). This example returns a list of all
elements with class="intro".

18.

Finding HTML Elements by Class Name

19.

Finding HTML Elements by CSS Selectors
If you want to find all HTML elements that match a specified CSS
selector (id, class names, types, attributes, values of attributes,
etc), use the querySelectorAll() method.This example returns a
list of all <p> elements with class="intro".

20.

Finding HTML Elements by CSS Selectors

21.

Finding HTML Elements by CSS Selectors

22.

Finding HTML Elements by HTML Object
Collections

23.

Events
The HTML DOM allows you to execute code when an event occurs.
Events are generated by the browser when "things happen" to HTML elements:
An element is clicked on
The page has loaded
Input fields are changed
Often, when events happen, you may want to do something. JavaScript lets you
execute code when events are detected.

24.

Events

25.

Events

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onclick event
Fires on a mouse click on the element.
Before clicking
After clicking

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onclick event
Before clicking
After clicking

28.

onchange event
onchange event occupies when an HTML element has been
changed.
The onchange event is often used in combination with
validation of input fields.
Below is an example of how to use the onchange.
The upperCase() function will be called when a user changes
the content of an input field.

29.

The onchange event example

30.

onmouseover event
onmouseover event occupies when user moves the mouse over
an HTML element.
Before navigating by
mouse
After navigating by
mouse

31.

onmouseout event
The onmouseout event occurs when the mouse pointer is moved
out of an element, or out of one of its children.
Mouse pointer is
moved out of an image

32.

The onload and onunload Events
The onload and onunload events are triggered when the user
enters or leaves the page. The onload event can be used to check
the visitor's browser type and browser version, and load the
proper version of the web page based on the information.
The onload and onunload events can be used to deal with
cookies.