Marpol Annexes - Review

• The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering
prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or
accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978
respectively and updated by amendments through the years.
• The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution
from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations - and
currently includes six technical Annexes. Special Areas with strict controls on
operational discharges are included in most Annexes.

4.

2 Complete the table
Annex
Annex I: Regulations for the
Prevention of Pollution by Oil (entered
into force 2 October 1983)
Annex II: Regulations for the Control of
Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances
in Bulk (entered into force 2 October
1983)
Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by
Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in
Packaged Form (entered into force 1
July 1992)
Annex IV: Prevention of Pollution by
Sewage from Ships (entered into force
27 September 2003)
Annex V: Prevention of Pollution by
Garbage from Ships (entered into
force 31 December 1988)
Annex VI: Prevention of Air Pollution
from Ships (entered into force 19 May
2005)
Documents required
MARPOL Annex
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Special Areas under
Annex
Control of Discharge

5.

Annex
Annex I: Regulations for
the Prevention of
Pollution by Oil (entered
into force 2 October
1983)
Documents
required MARPOL
Annex
Covers prevention of
pollution by oil from
operational measures as
well as from accidental
discharges; the 1992
amendments to Annex I
made it mandatory for
new oil tankers to have
double hulls and
brought in a phase-in
schedule for existing
tankers to fit double
hulls, which was
subsequently revised in
2001 and 2003.
International Oil
Pollution
Prevention
Certificate
(IOPP)
Oil Record
Book (ORB)
SOPEP
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Oil Filtering
Equipment - Any
ship of 400 gross
tonnage and above
(*Oily water
separator, 15 PPM
arrangement)
ODMCS (Oil
discharge
monitoring control
system) - Oil tankers
of 150 gross
tonnage and above.
Special Areas under
Annex
The
Mediterranean
Sea
The Gulf of Aden
The Baltic Sea
The Antarctic sea
The Black Sea
North West
European waters
The Red Sea
Oman area of the
Arabian Sea
“Gulfs” area
Southern South
African waters
Control of Discharge
REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY SPACES OF ALL SHIPS (ships of
400 gross tonnage and above):
Discharges outside special areas and in special area
.1 the ship is proceeding en route;
.2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment
meeting the requirements of this Annex;
.3 the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15
parts per million; .
4 the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on
oil tankers; .
5 the oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo
residues.
*In respect of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or
oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CARGO AREA OF OIL TANKERS
Discharges outside special areas
.1 the tanker is not within a special area;
.2 the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land;
.3 the tanker is proceeding en route;
.4 the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30
litres per nautical mile;
.5 the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed for
tankers delivered on or before 31 December 1979 1/15,000 of the total
quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part, and
for tankers delivered after 31 December 1979 1/30,000 of the total
quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part;
.6 the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and control
system and a slop tank arrangement as required by this Annex.
Discharges in special areas: Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily
mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited while in
a special area.

6.

7.

8.

Annex
Annex II: Regulations for
the Control of Pollution
by Noxious Liquid
Substances in Bulk
(entered into force 2
October 1983)
Details the discharge
criteria and measures
for the control of
pollution by noxious
liquid substances carried
in bulk; some 250
substances were
evaluated and included
in the list appended to
the Convention
Documents
required MARPOL
Annex
Procedures &
Arrangements
(P&A) Manual
Cargo Record
Book;
Noxious Liquid
Substances
Certificate (as per
MARPOL) OR
International
Certificate of
Fitness (as per IBC
Code), as
applicable,
depending on the
cargo category.
Shipboard marine
pollution
emergency plan
for NLS
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Every ship is
provided with
pumping and
piping
arrangements to
ensure that each
tank designated for
the carriage of
Category X, Y and Z
substances does not
retain after
unloading a
quantity of residue
in excess of the
quantity given in
the Annex.
For each tank
intended for the
carriage of such
substances an
assessment of the
residue quantity has
to be made.
Special Areas under
Annex
the Antarctic area
Control of Discharge
Annex II prohibits the discharge into the sea of any
effluent containing substances falling under these
categories, except when the discharge is made under
conditions which are specified in detail for each
Category:
- the maximum quantity of substances per tank which
may be discharged into the sea;
- the speed of the ship during the discharge;
- the minimum distance from the nearest land during
discharge;
- the minimum depth of water at sea during
discharge;
- the need to effect the discharge below the
waterline
The provision in annex II regulation 13 allow the
discharges into the sea of residues of substances in
category X,Y or Z , provided:
• The ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least
7 knots
• The discharge is made below the waterline not
exceeding the designed maximum water discharge
rate.
• The discharge is made at a distance of not less than
12 nautical miles from the nearest land in depth of
water of not less than 25 meters.

9.

Annex
Annex III: Prevention of
Pollution by Harmful
Substances Carried by
Sea in Packaged Form
(entered into force 1 July
1992)
Contains general
requirements for the
issuing of detailed
standards on packing,
marking, labelling,
documentation,
stowage, quantity
limitations, exceptions
and notifications.
*For the purpose of this
Annex, “harmful
substances” are those
substances which are
identified as marine
pollutants in the
International Maritime
Dangerous Goods Code
(IMDG Code) or which meet
the criteria in the Appendix
of Annex III.
Documents
required MARPOL
Annex
International
Maritime
Dangerous
Goods Code
(IMDG Code)
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
The Annex applies to all
ships carrying harmful
substances in packaged
form, or in freight
containers, portable
tanks or road and rail
tank wagons.
*The regulations
require the issuing of
detailed standards on
packaging, marking,
labelling,
documentation,
stowage, quantity
limitations, exceptions
and notifications, for
preventing or
minimizing pollution by
harmful substances.
Special Areas under
Annex
Control of Discharge
"Jettisoning of harmful substances carried in packaged
form shall be prohibited, except where necessary for the
purpose of securing the safety of the ship or saving life
at sea”

10.

Annex
Annex IV:
Prevention of
Pollution by Sewage
from Ships (entered
into force 27
September 2003)
Documents
required
MARPOL
Annex
Contains
requirements to
control pollution of
the sea by sewage
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Special Areas
under Annex
discharge
pipeline fitted
with the
standard
discharge
connection
approved
sewage
treatment plant
or
Comminuter /
disinfection
system with
temporary
means of storage
or
holding tank
In general,
the discharge
of sewage
from existing
passenger
ships will be
prohibited
within the
Baltic Sea
special area
Control of Discharge
Control of discharge sewage ( based on the type of equipment on the ship)
• the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved
system at a distance of more than 3 nm from the nearest land; or
• the ship is discharging sewage which is not comminuted and disinfected at a
distance of more than 12 nm from the nearest land, provided that in any case, the
sewage stored in holding tanks or sewage originating from spaces containing
living animals, shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate
when ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; or
• the ship is discharging sewage using an approved sewage treatment plant.
Control of discharge sewage (based on discharge distance)
• while operating within 3 nm from the nearest land discharge prohibited unless
properly treated in approved sewage treatment plant
• discharge within 3-12 nm from nearest land must either: meet effluent
requirements within 3 nm from nearest land or the ship is discharging
comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved comminuter/disinfection
system
• discharge at a distance of more than 12 nm from nearest land must either: meet
effluent requirements within 3 nm or within 3-12 nm from the nearest land or the
sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be discharged
instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding
at not less than 4 knots.
Exceptions. The discharge of sewage into the sea is allowed when:
• securing the safety of life or the ship; or
• the discharge of sewage is as result from damage to a ship or its equipment if all
reasonable precautions have been taken before and after the occurrence of the
damage, for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge Note: some
countries have sewage „no discharge areas” regardless of how well it is treated.

11.

Annex
Annex V: Prevention of
Pollution by Garbage
from Ships (entered into
force 31 December
1988)
Documents
required MARPOL
Annex
Deals with different
types of garbage and
specifies the distances
from land and the
manner in which they
may be disposed of.
In July 2011, IMO
adopted extensive
amendments to Annex V
which entered into force
on 1 January 2013. The
revised Annex V
prohibits the discharge
of all garbage into the
sea, except as provided
otherwise, under
specific circumstances.
Garbage
Management
Plan (all ships of
100 GT and
above)
The Garbage
Record Book
(all ships of 400
GT and above )
*Under Annex V of
the Convention,
garbage includes all
kinds of food,
domestic and
operational waste,
excluding fresh fish,
generated during
the normal
operation of the
vessel and liable to
be disposed of
continuously or
periodically.
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Processing:
• Incinerator
• Compactor
• Comminutor
**According to revised
MARPOL Annex V
shipboard generated
garbage is to be
grouped into the
following categories:
Plastics, Food wastes,
Domestic Wastes,
Cooking Oil,
Incinerator ashes,
Operational wastes,
Cargo residues, Animal
Carcasses, Fishing
Gear, E-Waste.
Special Areas under
Annex
the Mediterranean
Sea
the Baltic Sea
Area
the Black Sea area
the Red Sea Area
the Gulfs area
the North Sea
the Wider
Caribbean Region
and
Antarctic Area
Control of Discharge
Annex V totally prohibits of the disposal of plastics
anywhere into the sea, and severely restricts discharges
of other garbage from ships into coastal waters and
"Special Areas".
Within Special Areas vessels can discharge processed
food wastes, cargo residues and cleaning agents in
washwater no closer than 12 nm from the nearest land.
Outside Special Areas vessels can discharge processed
or non-processed food wastes, cargo residues and
cleaning agents in washwater, carcasses of animals. The
rest of the garbage, especially any forms of plastic is
prohibited to discharge overboard→

12.

13.

Annex
Annex VI: Prevention of
Air Pollution from Ships
(entered into force 19
May 2005)
Sets limits on sulphur
oxide and nitrogen
oxide emissions from
ship exhausts and
prohibits deliberate
emissions of ozone
depleting substances;
designated emission
control areas set more
stringent standards for
SOx, NOx and
particulate matter.
*In 2011, after extensive work and
debate, IMO adopted ground
breaking mandatory technical and
operational energy efficiency
measures which will significantly
reduce the amount of greenhouse
gas emissions from ships; these
measures were included in Annex
VI and entered into force on 1
January 2013.
Documents
required MARPOL
Annex
International Air
Pollution
Prevention
Certificate
(IAPP
Certificate) Apply to all
ships of 400
gross tons and
above
Ships of less
than 400 tons
still have to
comply with the
legislation
where
applicable, but
in their case the
Administration
may establish
appropriate
measures in
order to ensure
that Annex VI is
complied with
Equipment under
MARPOL Annex
Special Areas under
Annex
*Handling of different
fuels
**Exhaust Gas Cleaning
Systems
The Emission Control
Area established are:
• Baltic Sea area - as
defined in Annex I of
MARPOL (SOx only);
• North Sea area - as
defined in Annex V of
MARPOL (SOx only);
• North American area
(entered into effect 1
August 2012) - as
defined in Appendix
VII of Annex VI of
MARPOL (SOx, NOx
and PM);
• United States
Caribbean Sea area
(in effect from 1
January 2014) - as
defined in Appendix
VII of Annex VI of
MARPOL (SOx, NOx
and PM).
Control of Discharge

14.

15.

16.

MARINE POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. What was MARPOL a response to?
2. How many pollution types does MARPOL address to?
3. When was MARPOL last updated?
4. What are MARPOL Annexes?
5. What is the emission control area?
6. Define the special areas in the world by MARPOL Annexes.
7. What are main environmental problems of today’s world?
8. What are the sources of pollution?
9. What are four major pollutants of coasts and marine environment?
10. What is the pollution influence on marine environment?
11. What equipment makes oil discharge into the sea possible?
12. What are the requirements as for clean or segregated ballast?
13. What facts about pollution prevention is included in SOPEP?
14. Which items from SOPEP locker do you use to clean shipboard spill?
15. How will you act in case of a shipboard spill?
16. Name MARPOL requirements to SOPEP locker content.
17. How may sea water surface be cleaned?
18. What shipboard documents regulate garbage management?
19. What are the main reasons for oil spills?
20. Which of noxious liquid substances are transported by ships? Define the requirements for their
transportation.
21. What sewage systems shall s ship be equipped with?
22. What ships should follow Annex IV regulation?

17.

+ Discussion question: What are the main types of
cargo?

18.

+ Discussion question: What are the main types of
cargo?

19.

+ Discussion question: What are the main types of
cargo?

20.

++ Discussion question: What is bulk cargo? Name examples. How is it divided?
What is general cargo? Name examples. How is it divided?

21.

++ Discussion question: What is bulk cargo? Name examples. How is it divided?
What is general cargo? Name examples. How is it divided?
The cargoes carried by maritime transportation come into several categories, each requiring the usage of
specialized ships. The two main categories are general and bulk cargo. General cargo is unitized (carried
in defined load units), while bulk cargo is loose (carried in any quantity).
General cargo can be sub-divided into three categories:
• Break Bulk. Concerns cargo that is carried in drums, bags, pallets, or boxes. Such ships are typically
geared.
• Neo Bulk. Concerns cargo where each pre-packaged unit is accountable such as lumber (bundles),
paper (rolls), steel, and vehicles.
• Containerized. The growth of container shipping required creating a new general cargo category
where the cargo is being carried in container load units.
Bulk cargo can be divided into two categories:
• Liquid bulk. The majority of the liquid bulk carried is petroleum LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas),
representing an emerging segment. Liquid bulk ships are commonly referred to as tankers.
• Dry Bulk. Concerns a wide variety of materials such as coal, iron ore, grains, bauxite, and sand.

22.

++ Discussion question: What are cargo ships?

23.

++ Discussion question: What are cargo ships?
A cargo ship is generally known as any merchant ship or vessel that transmits massive goods and
commodities from one harbor to another. Cargo ships are usually designed and built specifically for this
purpose, equipped with cranes and other mechanisms for loading and unloading, and they range in size
from small to large.
• Container Ships are the most common ships used for transporting non-bulk cargoes at sea. Container
vessels (ships) are vessels constructed to hold cargo packed into containers of various kinds. Container
ships are one of the most potent methods of transporting goods. These ships have made it possible to
transport massive cargo at once, effectively changing global trade.
• General Cargo Ships are specialized for carrying loose packaged cargo of all kinds. There are various
kinds of general cargo ships, each having its hold or decks. Food, clothing, footwear, chemicals,
machinery, furniture, and motor vehicles are mainly transported on general cargo vessels. It’s also
known as a multi-purpose vessel because of the diversity of loads it can handle and its flexibility.
• RO-RO Vessels are designed for transporting wheeled cargo aboard, such as cars, trucks, semitrailers, and buses, are known as roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ships. These ships transport wheeled cargo
that is stuffed on its own wheels or with the assistance of a platform vehicle. There is usually a series
of decks connected by ramps or elevators and doors positioned at the knot or stern of the ship.
• Reefer Ships are containerships that exclusively carry refrigerated containers. Before the advent of
reefer containers, reefer ships were a significant means of transporting goods under controlled
conditions. Unlike conventional container ships, reefer ships have a bigger size, different design,
power generation, and distribution equipment.

24.

++ Discussion question: What are cargo ships?
• Breakbulk Ships are possibly the oldest kind of cargo-carrying vessel still in use at sea. Shipping
breakbulk by the ocean has become a common method of importing and exporting goods that do not
fit in standard-sized shipping containers or cargo bins. The most common breakbulk cargos include
steel girders, structural steel, oversized or heavy goods, construction equipment, machinery, and
vehicles.
• Bulk Carriers are the best choice for moving solid bulk loads. It is efficient for carrying small or loose
crush units, including cement, grains, and minerals. They use spoon-shaped cranes for loading and
unloading, and we can see that there are well-defined areas on their decks for this purpose.
• Oil Tankers are specially designed tank ships that transport crude oil. Ships that transport oil differs in
technical characteristics from cargo ships that transport goods, such as the tight seal against oil leaks,
the structure’s resistance, and the pumping system designed for this. These massive ships have to
berth on the open seas because they are so large.
• Gas Carrier is a kind of freight-carrier ship that is designed to transport all types of liquefied gases to
their final locations.

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