SIW Module: “Respiratory system” Theme: “Respiration at hot climate”

1. SIW Module: “Respiratory system” Theme: “Respiration at hot climate”

2. PLAN:

I. Introduction
II. The main part
III. Conclusion
IV. List of references

3. Introduction

Respiration- is a physiological process required for normal energy
metabolism (metabolism and energy) living organisms and help
maintain homeostasis (constant internal environment), receiving from
the environment the oxygen (O2) and transferring into the
environment in gaseous state some of the metabolic products of the
organism (CO2, H2O, and others).

4. RESPIRATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

In conditions of high ambient temperatures (at least summer)
is home to about half of the population. In addition, a
significant portion of the population is forced to face the
action of high temperatures due to their professional need,
migration and living conditions.

5.

During thermal stress, a compensatory increase in respiratory rate and tidal
volume
increase MOD and alveolar ventilation, and the considerable
hyperventilation contributes to the washout of CO2, which in turn, moves the
blood pH to the alkaline side. In this regard, hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis
are the permanent signs of overheating in the human body.
Under conditions of prolonged overheating of the body, the change of pulmonary
respiration in humans is reduced to a minimum, because it does not have the
mechanism of thermal shortness of breath, so sharply distinct from most
mammals and birds. The main load in this case assumes the cardiovascular
system, blood, and tissue metabolism.

6.

The basic human reaction to heat
the redistribution of blood
between "core" and "shell" of
the body due to the expansion of
peripheral blood vessels,
predominantly of the skin and
vasoconstriction of the
splanchnic area (liver,
gastrointestinal tract), kidney
and skeletal muscle.

7.

The result of this reaction improves the heat transfer and a
simultaneous decrease in O2 delivery to the internal organs
with a high level of metabolic processes and short-term
reduces the rate of consumption of O2. In the future, the
development of circulatory hypoxia of organs and tissues
starts a cascade of processes, leading to an increased
consumption of O2

8.

The scheme of sequential development of the process of
increasing consumption of O2 during an acute heat exposure
circulatory hypoxia of the tissues of the liver,
gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, as well as the
stress response with release of catecholamines into
the blood
increased activity of biochemical
processes with low efficiency and
increased heat production
the increase in body temperature to a
certain level stimulates gas exchange
increases O2 consumption as a result of
enhanced decomposition of makroerges
and activation of redox reactions

9. Short-term adaptation

Short-term adaptation to high ambient temperature is naturally accompanied by a comprehensive change
in the functioning of the respiratory, cardiovascular system and blood system.
Changes in the functioning of the respiratory system affect the processes of diffusion and transport of
gases under thermal influence.
• Diffusion capacity of the lungs by the action of heat for the most part is normal or slightly
reduced due to the reduction of blood flow in the lungs.
• The oxygen capacity of hemoglobin and the transport of respiratory gases by the blood remain
within normal limits.
• The permeability of the capillaries of peripheral tissues when exposed to heat increases, and a
significant expansion and a halfnecrobia they provide increased rate of consumption of O2 tissue
"sheath" of heat.• In the core (mainly in the liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys) O2
consumption decreases due to reduced blood flow.

10. Conclusion

Acclimatization in a hot climate may be accompanied by
loss of appetite, disorder of the intestine, sleep disorders,
reduced resistance to infectious diseases. Marked functional
deviations caused by the violation of water-salt exchange.
Reduced muscle tone, increased sweating, decreased
urination, increase in breathing, pulse, etc.

11. List of references:

1.
http://vmede.org/sait/?page=9&id=Gigiena_ecologiya_grigoreva_2008&menu=Gigiena_ecol
ogiya_grigoreva_2008
2.
http://naukarus.com/mehanizm-teploperenosa-v-razlichnyh-oblastyah-tela-cheloveka
3.
http://mrmarker.ru/p/page.php?id=5079
4.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/