Nation or State

1. Questions:

9.
The nation is…………
a social-political construct
a cultural-political construct
a economic-political construct
a psycho-political construct
a socialistic-political construct
9.
The state is understood as country, society, and people, located on a certain territory
andrepresented by a body of supreme power. This is the meaning of the state:
in the broad sense;
in narrow terms;
as the form of government;
all answers are correct;
Right answer is absent.

2. Questions:

11. A nation in which citizenship has greater political significance than
ethnic identity. This nation can be classified as:
• a political nation;
• a psycho-political construct;
• cultural communities;
• all answers are correct;
• Right answer is absent.

3. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• While the terms country, state, sovereign
state, nation, and nation-state are often
used interchangeably, there is a difference:
• A state is a territory with its own
institutions and populations.
• A sovereign state (country) is a state
with its own institutions that has a
permanent population, territory, and
government.

4. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• A sovereign state (a country) must
also have the right and capacity to
implement its sovereignty (or by other
words it means that no other state should
have power over the country's territory).
• A nation is a large group of people who
inhabit a specific territory and are connected
by history, culture, or another identity.

5. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• As a political model, the nation-state
fuses two principles: the principle of
state sovereignty, first articulated in
the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which
recognizes the right of states to govern their
territories without external interference;
and the principle of national sovereignty,
which
recognizes
the
right
of
national communities to govern
themselves.

6. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

For better understanding the concept of N/S and the importance
of sovereignity a few words about:
Magdeburg law is one of the most famous systems of city law,
which developed in the 13th century as feudal city law, according
to which economic activity, property rights, social and
political life and the class status of citizens were regulated by
their own system of legal norms, which corresponded to the
role of cities as the community of rather independent
producers of wealth.
The cities received their legal, economic, socio-political and
property independence, by other words they could control the
distribution of the resources, which is one of characteristic of
power.

7. Magdeburg law Map (the legal systems of Eastern and Central Europe)

8. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• A state can also be defined as the key
organizational structure that operate through
"the government".
• For Max Weber (1864-1920), the one function
that distinguishes the state from all other
organizations is its monopoly on the legitimate
use of force and coercion in the society.
• There is a threat that this right of the state to use
violence may be used in the interest of powerful
person or group of people.

9. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• The origins and early history of nation states are
disputed.
• A major theoretical question is: "Which came first,
the nation or the nation state?“
• Most theories see the nation state as a 19th-century
European phenomenon, the idea of which is
originated after the “Thirty Years War” (1618-1648)
where almost all the European peoples were fighting
because
of
religious
disagreements
(Catholics/Protestants).

10. Treaty of Münster", one of the treaties leading to the Peace of Westphalia (mid of 17th century), where the concept of the

Treaty of Münster", one of the treaties leading to the Peace of
Westphalia (mid of 17th century), where the concept of the
"nation
state"
was
born.
Due to the Westphalian Treaty was International Law originated
(“Rule of Law”)

11. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• A nation is defined as a people with a deeply shared
fundamental identification.
• Different factors might constitute the basis of such
identification:
• shared descent (belief in a common kinship or history),
• shared culture,
• shared geographic space,
• shared religion,
• shared language, or
• shared economic order.

12. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• What distinguishes a nation from other
reference groups is that the nation is a major
group, beyond the family group, with whom the
individual identifies very powerfully.
• The strength of a person's primary national
identity depends on the relative importance s/he
places on various identities and the extent to
which the most important identities reinforce this
basic conception of "us" versus "them."

13. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• In only a few modern states there are the
common culture, history, ethnicity, religion,
and language - all combined to result in a
strong sense of shared nationality among
nearly all the citizens governed by the state.
• Japan or Armenia is a few examples of a
relatively homogeneous nation-state.

14. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

Nation is not just the population of a state.
Historically, there were four types of nation
definitions in the world.
The first is in antiquity: a “nation” as a tribe, as
it was in Ancient Rome.
Then, in the Middle Ages, the nation appeared
as ethnicity, the Roman union with the Germanic
nation in the ethnic/lingustic sense.

15. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

In the 17th century, the concept of "nation"
appeared in England as the residents of one state
are subjects of one king.
And since the 19th century, after the French
Revolution, a fundamentally different idea of ​the
nation arose - the nation as popular sovereignty
(нация как народный суверенитет), as a
consequence of it.
That is political or civil nation, not ethnic.

16. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

Since industrialization and development of
market economy a nation has been defined as a
cultural-political community that has become
conscious of its autonomy, unity and
particular interests.
The four characteristics of a nation-state
are sovereignty, land, population, and
government.

17. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• Many geographic entities have some but not all
the qualities that make up a sovereign state. As of
2020 there are 195 sovereign states in the world
(197 by some counts);
• 193 are members of the United Nations (the
United Nations excludes Palestine and the Holy
See).
• There are the entities, like Taiwan or Kosovo, are
recognized by some but not all members of the
United Nations or recognized by few ones.

18. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• Many entities have most of the qualities of sovereign
states but are officially considered to be non-sovereign.
Many have their own histories, and some even have their
own languages. Examples include:
• Hong Kong
• Bermuda
• Greenland
• Puerto Rico
• Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and England, which
are non-sovereign parts of the United Kingdom

19. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• Occasionally one nation is split into two states, such
as North and South Koreas. In such cases the citizens
often dream of reunification, even when their
governments and ideologies differ fundamentally.
• This occurred in Germany, which was split into
communist East Germany and capitalist West
Germany after World War II.
• In 1990, after nearly half a century of antagonistic
separation into two very different countries which
citizens were finally reunited in a single state

20. CONCEPT OF NATION/STATE

• Meanwhile, the agitation of the Quebequois in
Canada, the Basques in Spain, and the Irish Catholics
in Northern Ireland are testimony to the possibility
that even centuries-old states might split apart.
• Some scholars predict that the current
reorganization of states based on nationality
identities will produce in the interim, and nationbased conflicts might remain the major cause of
violence and instability in the modern period.
• The issues of identity, especially national, ethnic or
religious are the most sensitive.

21. Sources:

• https://www.svoboda.org/a/29064062.html
• https://www.thoughtco.com/country-stateand-nation1433559#:~:text=A%20nation%20is%20a
%20large,%2C%20be%20a%20sovereign
%20state).
• https://informburo.kz/cards/chto-takoenacionalnost-i-chem-ona-otlichaetsya-otetnosa-ili-nacii.html