Edinburg

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Edinburg
The capital of Scotland

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Situated in Scotland’s Central
Belt, Edinburgh lies on the Firth
of Forth’s southern shore. The
city center is 4 kilometers (2
1⁄2 miles) southwest of the
shoreline of Leith and 42
kilometers (26 miles) inland as
the dove flies, from the east
coast of Scotland and the North
Sea at Dunbar. The area around
modern-day Edinburgh has
been inhabited for thousands of
years.
Scotland.
Interesting facts
• The area around modern-day Edinburgh has
been inhabited for thousands of years.
• Its origins as a settlement can be traced to
the early Middle Ages when a hillfort was
established in the area, most likely on the Castle
Rock.
• From the seventh to the tenth centuries it was
part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria,
becoming thereafter a royal residence of the
Scottish kings.
• The town that developed next to the stronghold
was established by royal charter in the early 12th
century, and by the middle of the 14th
century was being described as the capital of
Scotland.

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Attractions of the city
• Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress
which dominates the skyline of the city
of Edinburgh from its position on the
Castle Rock. The Castle Rock is
estimated to have formed some 350
million years ago. It is the most
important castle in Scotland and has
been at the center of numerous wars,
having been attacked and besieged
many times.
• The Old Town is the oldest part of
Scotland’s capital city of Edinburgh.
The street layout, typical of the old
quarters of many northern European
cities, is made especially picturesque in
Edinburgh, where the castle perches on
top of a rocky crag, the remnants of an
extinct volcano, and the main street
runs down the crest of a ridge from it.
• The New Town was built in stages
between 1767 and around 1850, and
retains much of the original neoclassical and Georgian period
architecture. Its most famous street is
Princes Street, facing Edinburgh Castle
and the Old Town across the
geographical depression of the former
Nor Loch.

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