Module 8B. Citation and Referencing

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• What is referencing/citation?
• When and why do we use it?

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Citation Styles
• MLA stands for Modern Language Association. It is a style of formatting
academic papers that is used mostly in the arts and humanities.
• APA stands for American Psychological Association. APA is a style of
formatting academic papers that is used mostly in psychology, education,
social sciences.
• CMS stands for the Chicago Manual of Style. It is a style of formatting
written works that is most widely used in a variety of disciplines, in
sciences, social sciences, humanities.

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Skim an extract from the body of a student essay. What is the essay about?

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Answers:

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Incorporating Citation in an Essay
Look through the extract again and find the examples of how the
writer introduces citations into the essay.

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Answers:
Can you think of other examples?

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Language of introducing citations

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More practice: using reporting verbs

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Answers:

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Using nformation and ideas from the
original source

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Paraphrasing techniques (revision)

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Examples:
• Using
synonyms:
• Changing
word class
• Changing
word order

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Practice:
Choose one sentence from either of the texts below and
paraphrase it using any of the paraphrasing techniques.

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Practice: In-text references below contain
mistakes. Correct the mistakes.

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Answers:

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References Section:

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Answers:

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Answers:

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In-text citation

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Mendeley
• https://www.mendeley.com/?interaction_required=true

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Questions?