Вулканы. Окружающий мир

1.

Hcc^egoBaTe^bCKHH npoeKT
noneMy H3BepraroTCH By^KaHM?
ABToprn
paOoTbi: A6aeB
H^b« u
fflaTa^HH Kupu^
yneHHKH 3A K^acca
MBOY N»9 r. ^yKoBCKoro
HayHHwtt pyKoBogHTe^b:
nHTHpHMoBa E^eHa
^eoHugoBHa
r. ^yKoBCKHH 2022

2.

MM Bee catimaau o TOM, HTO Ha Hameft naaHeTe ecTt ByaKaHti.
Hac 3auHTepecoBaao: KaK noaBaaroTca ByaKaHti, HTO gaeT ToaaoK K H3Bep^eHuro ByaKaHa, H KaKHe
nocaegcTBua H3Bep^eHHa Mo^eT omyTHTb HeaoBeK H oKpy^aro^uft MHp, ^o^TOMy MM pemuau royamt HX
nogpo6Hee.
OSteKT Hcc^egoBaHHH: ByaKaHti.
runoTe3a: MM gyMaeM, HTO ByaKaH H3BepraeTca, noToMy HTO npoucxogaT KaKHe-TO xuMUHecKue npo^ccti
BHyTpu ropM.
^ab iiamen paSoTbi: 3HaKoMCTBo c ByaKaHoM, onpegeamt npHHHHM H3Bep^eHua ByaKaHoB.
3agaan liccaegoBaHHa:
1. npoBecTH ^KC^epHMeHT H3Bep^eHua ByaKaHa B goMamHux ycaoBuax;
2. H3yaHTb auTepaTypy no TeMe uccaegoBaHua:
-
noayHHTt HH$opMa^Hro o cTpoeHHH 3eMau;
-
royamt HTO TaKoe ByaKaH, BbiacHmt npuauHti ero noaBaeHua;
-
no3HaKoMHTtca c npo^ccoM H3Bep^eHua ByaKaHa;
-
royamt BugM ByaKaHoB;
-
y3HaTt o Bpege H noao^HTeatHMx nocaegcTBuax ByaKaHoB.
3.
nogroTOBHTb npe3em^uro no pe3yabTaraM pa6oTM, noBTopHTt ^KC^epHMeHT H3Bep^eHua ByaKaHa B
Kaacce.

3.

Haaaaa MM npOBeaH HecaegoBaHHa ^TO^o npHpogHoro aBaeHHa goMa c noMO^tro MaKeTa ByaKaHa, cogM,
yKcyca H ryamH.
npH B3aHMogeftcTBHH yKcyca H cogM BMgeaaeTca MHoro
yraeKHcaoro ra3a B BHge ny3MptKoB, KoTopMe H BMTaaKHBaroT
CMect.

4.

3TO KyconeK 3acTbiBmeft .naBbi BymaHa (neM3a) - KaMeHt,
KOTOpbiH He TOHeT B Boge.
E^e
ogHH
^KC^epHMeHT,
Ha6.nroganH,
KaK
rycTeeT
3aTBepgeBaeT .naBa, BMno^HeH c noMO^bro ranca H Bogbi.
H

5.

npu npoBegeHHH onwTOB y Hac
B03HHK^H Bonpocu:
-
noneMy nponcxogHT HiBep^eHiie
By^KaHa?
-
HTO BwxogHT H3 ^ep^a By^KaHa?
-
noneMy neM3a He TOHeT?
-KaKue BHgw By^KaHOB SbiBaroT?
-
noneMy
^HByT OKO^O
By^KaHOB,
ec^H ^TO TaK onacHo?
Toro HTO6M noayaHTb OTBeTM Ha ^TH BonpocM, MM HaaaaH royaaTt HayaHyro aHTepaTypy H HHTepHeT pecypCM.

6.

CTpoeHue n^aHeTbi 3eMaa
^aa Toro, HTO6M pa3o6paTtca B
npHpoge BymaHOB Hy^HO 3HaTt
CTpoeHHe 3eMam
BHyTpeHHMe CTpoem/ie 3eM/in
flflpo
Hama naaHeTa 3eMaa He Bca TBepgaa,
CKOpee OHa HanoMHHaeT aft^:
CBepxy TOHKaa TBepgaa CKopayna,
nog Heft B»3KHft caoft ropaaeft
MaHTHH, a B ^mpe — agpo.
Hama 3eMaa — ropaaaa naaHeTa. B ee
Hegpax nponcxogur naaBaeHHe Be^ecraa
Marnti.
Korga MarMa nogHHMaeTca no
ipem,HHaM H KaHaaaM Ha noBepxHocrt
3eMH£m Kopa 3eMaH — nponcxogaT H3Bep^eHHa
BymaHoB.

7.

KaK H rge o6pa3ymTCH By^Kanw.
Bca naaHeTa pa3geaeHa Ha MHO^CTBO
^HTOC^epHMx nnur. 3TH nanra gBHra^Tca c
pa3^HHHOH CKOpOCTtro, cTanKHBaWTCa
H pacxogaTca.
MecTa, rge nanra conpHKacaroTca gpyr c
gpyroM, Ha3brcaroTca mBaMH H^H
pa3^0MaMH. 3gect pacnoao^eHti Bce BymaHbi
3eM^H.
Bo BpeMa H3Bep^eHHa BymaHa Ha
noBepxHocTt BbiptrcaeTca MarMa, mropaa
gBH^eTca BBepx no Tpe^HHaM.
BOT MU H naiii.iii oTBeT Ha Ham nepBbrn
Bonpoc - H3Bep^enne By^KanoB nponcxogHT 3a
cneT nepeMe^enHH ^HToc^epnwx n^HT.

8.

CrpoeHHe By^KaHOB
o6naxo nciL
iarcp nynsana
IIOTOKH nanw
ouae MasMt>i
OTBeT Ha BTopott Ham Bonpoc - H3 ^ep^a
By^KaHa H3^HBaeTc« MarMa.
BynKaHti HMeroT CTporae, noHTH
reoMeTpHnecKHe oaepTaHHa H BtigenaroTca
^THM cpegn ocranbHbix rop
O^AT MArMbI (pacnnaBneHHaa oraeHHo^HgKaa Macca) - B03HHKaeT B 3eMHoft Kope
H^H BepXHeH MaHTHH.
^EP^O BY^KAHA - KaHan, no KOTOpOMy
MarMa nogHHMaeTca K KpaTepy.
KPATEP - yrny6neHHe B BHge aamn H^H
BOPOHKH, o6pa3OBaBmeeca Ha BepmHHe H^H
CKnoHe BynKaHa B pe3ynbTare ero arcraBHoft
geaTentHocm ^HaMeTp KpaTepa Mo^eT 6MTB
OT
gecaTKoB MeTpoB go HecKontKHx
KHnoMeTpoB.

9.

H3Bep^eHHe ByaKaHa
CaMoe HHTepecHoe B ByaKaHax KO^HHO ^e npo^cc H3Bep^eHHa.
Haxoga^aaca Ha ray6HHe ropaaaa H
^HgKaa MarMa nog 6oatmHM gaBaeHHeM
ycTpeMaaeTca BBepx no Tpe^HHaM Me^gy
namaMH.
H3aHBmaaca Ha noBepxHOCTt 3eMaH
MarMa Ha3MBaeTca aaBoft.
ropaaaa aaBa BbiptrcaeTca H3 ByaKaHa H
KomaKTHpyeT c B03gyxoM. ^aaee aaBa
HaaHHaeT 6tiCTpo TBepgeTt, 3aneaaTbrcaa B
ce6e ny3biptKH B03gyxa. H o6pa3yeTca TaK
Ha3brcaeMbiH aaBOBMH KaMeHt, gpyroe ero
Ha3BaHHe -6a3aatT HaH neM3a.
HMeHHO H3-3a B03gyxa BHyTpu, Ka\icMii>
H3 Hamero ^Kc^epeMeHTa He TOHya! OTBeT
Ha TpeTHH Bonpoc.

10.

KaKue BIIJBI By^KaHOB SbiBaroT?
By^KaHbi ge^HTCH no aKTHBHOCTH
^eftcTByro^ne By^KaHbi, noTyxmue By^KaHbi, He Cna^ue H^H ycHyBmue
KOTOptie H3BepranHCt B Hamn roBeprannct Ha naMara By.iKaHbi, 6e3geftcTByroT
gHH H^H HCTOpHnecKoe BpeMa. neaoBenecTBa, HO HHorga OHH MHoro Tbican aeT (KptiM,
(Ha KaMnaTKe) HanHHaroT geHCTBOBart 3a6aHKante)
(3at6pyc, Ka36eK)

11.

ByjiKaHbi aejiHTCH no (|)opMe:
mnTOBbie ByjiKaHbi. IIOHTH nnocKne - (jiopMHpyiOTca nnoxo 3acTbiBaiomeH
aaBoft, pacTeKaiomenca Ha TBICHHH KHJIOMeTpOB.
IIo (j)opMe HanoMHHaiOT KOHyC,
(j)OpMHpyiOTCa
HaCJlOeHHBMH
H
0TJ10>KeHHflMH
3aCTBIBHieH JiaBBI.
CTpaTOByjiKaHbi ByjiKaHbi.
IIoaBoaHbie ByjiKaHbi. 06pa3yiOTca Ha ^ne Mopa, no^ AencTBHeM
Bojibi
He B3pbiBaiOTca, a pacTexaiOTca no AHy.
HcKjnoneHHa cocTaBjiaiOT ByjiKaHbi, pacnojioacemibie Ha
He6ojibinoH rjiyGmie, Tor^a H3 Bbi6pocoB MO>KCT
OHH
o6pa30BaTbca HOBBIH OCTPOB.

12.

13.

KoHycoo6pa3Hbie By^KaHbi. 3TO pOBHtie, KpyTtie
CK^OHM H mHpOKHH KpaTep. PegKO OtrcaroT BHme
300 MeTpOB.
r p«3eBbie By^KaHw. 3TO HeBticoKHe
KOHyCM c
OTBepCTHeM
Ha
BepmHHe,
H3 HHorga H^H
KOTOporo
nocToaHHO
H3BepraroTca
rpa3eBbie Maccti.
OTBeT Ha 4 Bonpoc: By^KaHbi ge^HTCH no aKTHBHocTH: geftcTByro^ne, noTyxmue H cimmiie.
By^KaHw ge^HTCH no $opMe: LUHTOBwe, CTpaTOBy^KaHw, nogBogHwe, KOHycoo6pa3Hwe H
rpH3eBwe.

14.

nocaegcTBHH ii mepvKCMiiin. Bpeg nan noab3a?
Bee 3HaroT, HTO H3Bep^eHHe ByaKaHa - CTpamHoe H
oneHt onacHoe aBaeHHe npHpogti.
npHHHHM onacHOCTH H3Bep^eHHa BymaHOB:
1.
npH H3Bep^eHHH ByaKaHoB nora6aeT MHoro
arogeft.
2. OrpoMHbie ropoga npeBpa^aroTca B rpygti nenaa.
3.
nponcxogHT 3arpa3HeHHe nHTbeBoft Bogti,
BogoeMoB, oKpy^aro^ero Bo3gyxa.
4.
Eo^tmHHCTBo MO^HHX H3Bep^eHHH
conpoBo^gaeTca
3eMaeTpaceHHaMH.
HoMecTopo^geHHa
cy^ecTByroT H noao^HTeatHtie
MoMembi
1. B6^H3H ByaKaHoB o6pa3yroTca naogopogHtie 3eMau,
noae3Htix HcKonaeMtix.
BanaHHa
ByaKaHoB Ha ^H3Hb arogeft:
2. B BymaHHHecKHx o6aacTax o6pa3yroTca ropaHHe
HCTOHHHKH, nepnogHHecKH BtiSpactiBaro^He napti
ropaHyro Bogy. TopanHe nog3eMHtie Bogti arogu Hcnoat3yroT gaa o6orpeBaHHa noMe^eHHft.
MHHepaatHMe HCTOHHHKH Hcnoat3yroTca B aeHe6Htix ^aax.
3. npogyrcra H3Bep^eHHH ByaKaHoB Hcnoat3yroTca B CTpoHTeatCTBe.
H
4. B MecTax, rge HaxogaTca ByaKaHbi, CTpoaT reoTepMaatHtie CTaH^HH, Ha KoToptix noayaaroT
^aeKTpHHecKyro ^Hep^Hro.
OTBeT Ha 5 Bonpoc, noneMy arogu ceaHTCH oKoao ByaKaHoB - arogu BbiSnparoT VKII3III> pngoM c
ByaKaHaMH, noTOMy HTO gyMaroT, HTO npeHMy^ecTBa nepeBemHBaroT HegocTaTKH.

15.

HecKoabKO HHTepecHbix $aKTOB o By^KaHax, KOTopbie MU iiamaii
OaKT N°1
OKoao 600 MaH. aeT Ha3ag o6pa3oBaaca nepBbiH
MaTepHK - naHrea.
MCKMM
'i- nepnoA
pi
1225
TpnacoBWM
nepnoA 200
M/IH
net Ma3aa
/let Ha3aA
lOpCKUM nepnoA Menoeon nepnoA
135 MAH net Ha3aA 65 MAH ner Haaaa
MJIH
Pacxo^geHHe aHToc^epHtix naHT H H3Bep^eHHa
ByaKaHoB co BpeMeHeM pa3geanaH naHrero Ha 6
coBpeMeHHtix
MaTepHKOB:
EBpa3Ha
A^pHKa
CeBepHaa
AMepHKa ro^Haa
AMepHKa
ABCTpaana
AHTaprcraga
^me B coBpeMeHHoe BpeMa MaTepHKH gBH^yTca
OTHOCHTeatHO gpyr gpyra, AMepHKa H A^pHKa
pa3be3^aroTca gpyr OT gpyra Ha 2 carnuMeTpa B rog.
Hacromuee epew«

16.

OaKT N°2
20 ^eBpaaa 1943 roga ogHH MeKCHKaHe^ Ha CBoeM
KyKypy3HOM noae 3aMernn gtipoaKy pa3MepOM 7 CM, H3
KOTOPOH nog HanopOM Baana gwM.
K 23 ^eBpaaa ByaKaH gocTHr BBICOTBI 44 MeTpa, K 27
^eBpaaa — 106 MeTpoB,
20 MapTa — 148 MeTpoB,
20 Maa — 190 MeTpoB,
20 geraOpa — 299 MeTpoB.
K 20 ^eBpaaa 1944 roga gocTHr BBICOTBI 336 M.
TaK Btipoc caMMH Moaogoft ByaKaH B MeKCHKe napHKyTHH.
ByaKaH HenpepMBHo roBepraaca 9 aeT, nocae aero
«ycHya».

17.

Oarcr N°3
15 aHBapa 2022 npOH3om.no caMoe MO^Hoe 3a nocnegHee BpeMa H3Bep^eHHe nogBogHoro BynKaHa B THXOM
oKeaHe, KpaTep pacnonaraaca B ^mpe HeOontmoro ocTpoBa, CTO^6 nenna nogHanca Ha Bticoiy 20 KHnoMeipoB,
pe3yntTaTe
H3Bep^eHHe ocTpoB pacnanca Ha 2 nacTH H KpaTep BynKaHa onycmnca nog Bogy.
B
Ao H nocae H3Bep^;eHHa

18.

3aK^roneHHe
B xoge pa6oTMi Hag HarnHM npoeKTOM MM y3Hara MHoro HOBoro H HHTepecHoro, KaK ycTpoeHa
Hama nmHeTa, KaK H rge Bo3HHKamT BymaHMi, KaK ycTpoeH BymaH H KaK nponcxogHT ero H3Bep^eHHe.
HaxogHTbca pagoM c BymaHoM oneHt onacHo.
H3Bep^eHHe BymaHa npHHocHT MHoro Bpega, HO
^rngH
HayHH^HCt
Hcno^b3oBaTt
pe3y^tTaTM
^TO^o aB^eHHa.
HageeMca, HTO Korga MM BMipacTHM, MM
yBHgHM HacToam,HH BymaH
KpaTep cna^ero By^KaHa.
A ceftnac MU noKa^eM HiBep^eHi-ie CBOHM ogHOK^accHHKaM.
H
B36epeMca Ha

19.

CnACHBQ 3A BHHMAHHE